0001628280-23-005848 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

Commitments and contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Hosting Services and Other Support Software Agreements

The Company has various contractual agreements for hosting services and other support software. The below table reflects the minimum payments under these agreements as of December 31, 2022:


	Unrelated
	(in thousands)
Years ending December 31:
2023	$	37,738
2024	35,039
2025	16,911
2026	—
2027	—
Thereafter	—
	$	89,688

As of December 31, 2022, the Company also has a variable obligation of $17.5 million over the term of a three-year contract for third-party hosting services. The variable obligation is not reflected in the table above.

Leases

See Note 7 for information on the Company’s future commitments related to its lease arrangements.

Contingencies

In 2021, the Company was engaged in discussions with an entity regarding the entity’s patented technology and allegations regarding the Company’s infringement of that technology. During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company settled

this matter and paid the entity $5.0 million. The Company recognized the expense within general and administrative expenses during the year ended December 31, 2021.

From time to time, the Company may be subject to various claims, charges, and litigation. The Company records a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company maintains insurance to cover certain actions and believes that resolution of such claims, charges, or litigation will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. The Company had no liabilities for contingencies as of December 31, 2022 or 2021.

Basis of presentation and description of business (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of revenue by geographic location

Revenues by geographic region as determined based on the location where the sale originated were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021 (1)		2020 (1)
	(in thousands)
The Americas (2)	$	330,704	$	261,516	$	202,737
Europe, the Middle East, India, and Africa	113,861		79,918		50,534
Asia Pacific	34,211		24,954		15,861
	$	478,776	$	366,388	$	269,132

(1) Previously reported revenues by geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 have been revised to correct an immaterial error in the disclosure. There was no impact to total revenues.

(2) The vast majority of our Americas revenues comes from the U.S.

Schedule of equipment and leasehold improvements, net by geographic region

Long-lived assets, which include equipment and leasehold improvements, net and operating lease ROU assets for purposes of this disclosure, by geographic region were as follows:


	December 31,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
The Americas	$	28,087	$	30,459
Europe, the Middle East, India, and Africa	4,904		6,839
Asia Pacific	10,258		2,347
	$	43,249	$	39,645

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

The Company leases office facilities and vehicles under operating lease agreements that have initial terms ranging from 1 to 9 years. Some leases include one or more options to renew, generally at our sole discretion, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term up to 10 years. In addition, certain leases contain termination options, where the rights to terminate are held by either the Company, the lessor, or both parties. These options to extend or terminate a lease are included in the lease terms when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company’s leases generally do not contain any material restrictive covenants or residual value guarantees. The Company also leases office equipment under a finance lease agreement with a term of 4 years. The Company’s finance lease was not material to the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022 or 2021.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating leases is as follows:


Leases	Balance Sheet Classification	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
		(in thousands)
Assets
Operating lease assets	Other assets	$	23,828	$	21,600

Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities - current	Accrued liabilities	$	6,539	$	5,251
Operating lease liabilities - non-current	Other liabilities	21,895		20,086
Total operating lease liabilities		$	28,434	$	25,337

The weighted-average remaining term of the Company’s operating leases was 5.2 years and 5.9 years as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The weighted-average discount rate used to measure the present value of the operating lease liabilities was 3.9% and 3.5% as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	6,882	$	5,935
Short-term lease cost	281		272
Variable lease cost	2,442		1,943
Total lease expense	$	9,605	$	8,150

Operating lease cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company leases certain office facilities with a related party, including the office space in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Operating lease cost with related parties was $1.1 million for both the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Total lease expense, including the Company’s share of the lessors’ operating expenses, was $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Lease expense with related parties, including the Company’s share of the lessors’ operating expenses, was $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, operating cash flows included $6.4 million and $5.9 million, respectively, of cash paid for operating lease liabilities.

Maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:


	Operating Leases
	(in thousands)
Years ending December 31:
2023	$	7,496
2024	6,405
2025	4,786
2026	4,792
2027	2,727
Thereafter	5,342
Total lease payments	31,548
Less: imputed interest	3,114
Total present value of lease liabilities	$	28,434

Leases

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating leases is as follows:


Leases	Balance Sheet Classification	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
		(in thousands)
Assets
Operating lease assets	Other assets	$	23,828	$	21,600

Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities - current	Accrued liabilities	$	6,539	$	5,251
Operating lease liabilities - non-current	Other liabilities	21,895		20,086
Total operating lease liabilities		$	28,434	$	25,337

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	6,882	$	5,935
Short-term lease cost	281		272
Variable lease cost	2,442		1,943
Total lease expense	$	9,605	$	8,150

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, operating cash flows included $6.4 million and $5.9 million, respectively, of cash paid for operating lease liabilities.

Maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:


	Operating Leases
	(in thousands)
Years ending December 31:
2023	$	7,496
2024	6,405
2025	4,786
2026	4,792
2027	2,727
Thereafter	5,342
Total lease payments	31,548
Less: imputed interest	3,114
Total present value of lease liabilities	$	28,434

Employee benefit plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Employee benefit plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
U.S.
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contribution, as a percent	3.00%
Contributions	$ 5.4	$ 4.1	$ 3.2
Foreign Plan
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Contributions	$ 2.5	$ 1.5	$ 0.4

Income Taxes - Deferred assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued compensation	$ 3,821	$ 4,529
Deferred revenue	12,883	8,331
Section 174 capitalization	9,540	0
Stock-based compensation	14,960	5,026
Federal tax credits	8,949	6,668
Foreign withholding taxes	2,782	0
Net operating losses	50,794	46,173
State tax credits	2,495	2,086
Business interest limitation	10,054	10,450
Operating lease liabilities	4,347	4,848
2026 Notes	6,627	8,304
Other	3,842	3,267
Gross deferred tax assets	131,094	99,682
Valuation allowance	(63,541)	(31,512)
Total deferred tax assets	67,553	68,170
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred contract costs	(14,170)	(10,491)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(3,520)	(4,047)
Intangibles and other	(50,578)	(59,670)
Other	(300)	(1,191)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(68,568)	(75,399)
Net deferred tax liabilities	(1,015)	(7,229)
Non-current deferred tax assets	4,490	1,471
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	$ (5,505)	$ (8,700)

Financial instruments fair value

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Financial instruments fair value

The Company measures its financial instruments in accordance with ASC 820. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the use of observable inputs from active markets and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A level is assigned to each fair value measurement based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1: Fair value is determined using an unadjusted quoted price in an active market for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Fair value is estimated using inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Fair value is estimated using unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The Company invests in money market funds with original maturities at the time of purchase of three months or less, which are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Money market funds are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets and classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

In addition, the contingent consideration associated with the Digita and cmdReporter acquisitions are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The estimated fair value of the contingent payments associated with the Digita acquisition is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model, which uses Level 3 inputs, including assumptions about the probability of growth of subscription services and the related pricing of the services offered. Significant increases (decreases) in the probability of growth of subscription services as well as the related pricing of the services offered would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement. The estimated fair value of the contingent payments associated with the cmdReporter acquisition was determined using projected contract wins, which used Level 3 inputs, including assumptions about the probability of closing contracts based on their current stage in the sales process. See Note 5 for more information.

The fair value of these financial instruments were as follows:


	December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	132,306	$	—	$	—	$	132,306
Total cash equivalents	$	132,306	$	—	$	—	$	132,306

Liabilities
Contingent consideration:
Accrued liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	6,206	$	6,206
Total contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	6,206	$	6,206


	December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	146,037	$	—	$	—	$	146,037
Total cash equivalents	$	146,037	$	—	$	—	$	146,037

Liabilities
Contingent consideration:
Accrued liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	4,588	$	4,588
Other liabilities	—		—		5,512		5,512
Total contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	10,100	$	10,100

The carrying value of accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair value due to their short maturities and are excluded from the tables above.

The following table provides a summary of the changes in contingent consideration, which is classified as Level 3:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	10,100	$	8,200	$	9,200
Additions	—		359		—
Total (gains) losses included in:
Net loss	694		6,037		(1,000)
Payments	(4,588)		(4,206)		—
Other	—		(290)		—
Balance, end of period	$	6,206	$	10,100	$	8,200

The change in the fair value of the contingent consideration is included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. The adjustments for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 primarily reflected updated assumptions about the probability of growth of subscription services. The adjustment for the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily reflected a decrease in the liability due to updated assumptions about the probability of change in control as a result of our IPO, partially offset by an increase in the liability due to updated assumptions about the probability of growth of subscription services.

Fair value measurements of other financial instruments

The following table presents the net carrying value and estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes, which are not recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets:


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Net Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Net Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
2026 Notes	$	364,505	$	308,504	$	362,031	$	398,044

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the difference between the net carrying value of the 2026 Notes and the principal amount of $373.8 million represents the unamortized debt issuance costs of $9.2 million and $11.7 million, respectively. See Note 9 for more information. The estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes, which is classified as Level 2, was determined based on quoted bid prices of the 2026 Notes in an over-the-counter market on the last trading day of the reporting period.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Acquisitions - cmdReporter (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Feb. 26, 2021	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Acquisitions
Goodwill			$ 856,925	$ 845,734	$ 541,480	$ 539,818
cmdReporter
Acquisitions
Consideration transferred	$ 3,400
Payments to acquire businesses, gross	3,000
Contingent consideration, liability	400
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	400
Goodwill	400
cmdReporter \| Developed technology
Acquisitions
Developed technology	$ 2,600
Weighted-average economic life of intangible assets acquired	5 years	5 years

Income taxes - Provision (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Income taxes - Provision (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current:
Federal	$ (6)	$ 0	$ (551)
State	154	217	(73)
Foreign	1,894	638	987
Total current expense	2,042	855	363
Deferred:
Federal	(268)	(487)	(10,657)
State	(170)	(1,145)	(1,173)
Foreign	(2,517)	(4,012)	1,512
Total deferred benefit	(2,955)	(5,644)	(10,318)
Total income tax benefit	$ (913)	$ (4,789)	$ (9,955)

Net loss per share - Schedule of Computation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (141,301)	$ (75,189)	$ (24,082)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share, basic (in shares)	120,720,972	118,276,462	108,908,597
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share, diluted (in shares)	120,720,972	118,276,462	108,908,597
Net loss per share, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.64)	$ (0.22)
Net loss per share, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.64)	$ (0.22)

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

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- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

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+ Details

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

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+ Details

Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisitions

ZecOps

On November 16, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of ZecOps, a leader in mobile detection and response, pursuant to the terms of the ZecOps Merger Agreement. This acquisition uniquely positions Jamf to help IT and security teams strengthen their organization’s mobile security posture.

Under the terms of the ZecOps Merger Agreement, the Company acquired 100% of the equity interest in ZecOps for total purchase consideration of $44.3 million, subject to certain closing adjustments as set forth in the ZecOps Merger Agreement. The total purchase consideration included cash consideration of $28.2 million, equity consideration of $15.1 million (based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on November 16, 2022), and repayment of the $1.0 million SAFE investment in ZecOps the Company entered into in the third quarter of 2022. The cash consideration included (i) $0.3 million in cash held back in an escrow fund as partial security for post-closing true-up adjustments and (ii) $7.2 million in cash held back in an escrow fund as partial security for post-closing indemnification claims with (A) 50% of the then existing escrowed amount to be released 18 months following the closing date and (B) the remaining escrowed amount to be released on March 1, 2025. The cash consideration was funded by the Company’s cash on hand. The equity consideration consisted of up to 711,111 shares of the Company’s common stock, based on (i) the deemed total equity consideration value under the ZecOps Merger Agreement of $19.2 million divided by (ii) the agreed upon floor of the Company’s stock price of $27.00 per share. On the closing date, 710,691 shares of the equity consideration were issued to applicable ZecOps equityholders, and 420 shares were issued in a reserve account, subject to the completion of customary shareholder certifications. The reserved shares were subsequently released in January 2023.

Acquisition-related expenses of $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 were expensed as incurred. These expenses were recognized as acquisition costs in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations.

The final purchase accounting allocations for the ZecOps acquisition will be determined within one year from the acquisition date and depend on a number of factors, including the final valuation of our intangible assets acquired and finalization of income tax effects of the opening balance sheet. The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):


Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	820
Trade accounts receivable, net	448
Prepaid expenses	39
Other current assets	2,260
Intangible assets acquired	9,500
Operating lease assets	104
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable	(73)
Accrued liabilities	(2,260)
Income taxes payable	(48)
Deferred revenue	(1,014)
Operating lease liabilities	(85)
Deferred tax liability	(529)
Goodwill	35,119
Total purchase consideration	$	44,281

The Company accounted for the acquisition by applying the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations in accordance with ASC 805. The allocation of the purchase price required management to make significant

estimates in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, especially with respect to intangible assets. These estimates included, but were not limited to:

•future expected cash flows from subscription contracts and acquired developed technologies;

•time to recreate customer relationships and anticipated growth in revenue;

•research and development costs;

•obsolescence curves and other useful life assumptions, such as the period of time and intended use of acquired intangible assets in the Company’s product offerings;

•discount rates; and

•tax-related valuation allowances.

The goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of the underlying net identifiable assets. The goodwill recognized in this acquisition is primarily attributable to expected synergies in sales opportunities across complementary products, customers, and geographies and cross-selling opportunities. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes.

The estimated useful lives and fair values of the identifiable intangible assets acquired were as follows:


	Useful Life	Gross Value
		(in thousands)
Developed technology	5.0 years	$	5,900
Customer relationships	5.0 years	2,300
Non-competes	3.0 years	1,300
Total identifiable intangible assets		$	9,500

The weighted-average useful life of the intangible assets acquired was 4.7 years.

Developed technology represents the estimated fair value of the features underlying the ZecOps products as well as the platform supporting ZecOps customers and was valued using an excess earnings income approach. Customer relationships represent the estimated fair value of the underlying relationships with ZecOps customers and were valued using a replacement cost method, which estimates the cost to recreate the asset. Non-competes represent the estimated fair value of non-compete agreements acquired from ZecOps and were valued using a with-and-without income approach.

Pro forma results of operations for this acquisition were not presented as the effects were not material to our financial results.

Other

During the first quarter of 2022, the Company completed two acquisitions to expand our products and services offerings. These acquisitions were not significant individually or in the aggregate to our consolidated financial statements. The combined purchase price for these acquisitions was $4.0 million, which was paid with cash on hand. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired based on their estimated fair values as of the date of each acquisition. The allocation included $0.9 million to developed technology with an estimated useful life of 5.0 years and $0.1 million to other assets, with the remaining $3.0 million allocated to goodwill. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes. Acquisition-related expenses of $0.4 million were expensed as incurred. These expenses were recognized as acquisition costs in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations.

Wandera

On July 1, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Wandera. Wandera is a leader in zero trust cloud security and access for mobile devices. As an Apple-first provider of unified cloud security, Wandera expanded the Company’s security

offering for the enterprise. Building on the Company’s existing capabilities, Wandera added ZTNA, MTD, and data policy features to ensure mobile workers can simply and safely access the network resources they need while complying with organizational policies and reducing mobile charges. This acquisition uniquely positioned the Company to help IT and security teams confidently protect the devices, data, and applications used by a mobile workforce, while extending the intended Apple experience through the Company’s robust and scalable Apple Enterprise Management platform.

Under the terms of the Wandera Merger Agreement, the Company acquired 100% of the voting equity interest in Wandera and paid total cash consideration of $409.3 million. The total consideration consisted of an initial payment of $359.3 million at close and deferred consideration of $50.0 million that was paid in $25.0 million increments on October 1, 2021 and December 15, 2021. The initial payment of $359.3 million included $0.7 million held back as partial security for post-closing true-up adjustments as well as indemnification claims made within one year of the acquisition date. The amount held back was released in the fourth quarter of 2021. The acquisition was initially financed with cash on hand and borrowings under the 2021 Term Loan Facility.

Acquisition-related costs were expensed as incurred and were as follows:


	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue:
Subscription	$	88
Sales and marketing	180
Research and development	1,088
General and administrative	4,896
	$	6,252

The allocation of the purchase price required management to make significant estimates in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, especially with respect to intangible assets. These estimates included, but were not limited to:

•future expected cash flows from subscription contracts and acquired developed technologies;

•historical and expected customer attrition rates and anticipated growth in revenue;

•royalty rates applied to acquired developed technology platforms;

•obsolescence curves and other useful life assumptions, such as the period of time and intended use of acquired intangible assets in the Company’s product offerings;

•discount rates; and

•uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances.

During the second quarter of 2022, the Company finalized its purchase accounting for the Wandera acquisition. The following table summarizes the final allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and reflects all measurement period adjustments (in thousands):


Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,605
Trade accounts receivable, net	3,882
Prepaid expenses	900
Other current assets	426
Equipment and leasehold improvements, net	58
Intangible assets acquired	102,050
Operating lease assets	1,474
Deferred tax asset	918
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable	(788)
Accrued liabilities	(3,464)
Income taxes payable	(94)
Deferred revenue	(5,200)
Operating lease liabilities	(1,474)
Deferred tax liability	(9,374)
Goodwill	310,356
Total purchase consideration	$	409,275

During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company recorded measurement period adjustments including an increase to other current assets of $0.4 million and an increase to deferred tax assets of $0.1 million, resulting in a decrease to goodwill of $0.5 million. The adjustments related to new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. The increase to other current assets relates to UK refundable research and development tax credits.

The estimated useful lives and fair values of the identifiable intangible assets acquired were as follows:


	Useful Life	Gross Value
		(in thousands)
Developed technology	6.5 years	$	60,500
Customer relationships	11.0 years	35,600
Order backlog	2.5 years	3,800
Non-competes	2.5 years	1,750
Trademarks	3.0 years	400
Total identifiable intangible assets		$	102,050

The weighted-average useful life of the intangible assets acquired is 7.8 years.

Developed technology represents the estimated fair value of the features underlying the Wandera products as well as the platform supporting Wandera customers. Customer relationships represent the estimated fair value of the underlying relationships with Wandera customers. Order backlog represents the estimated fair value of existing order backlog with Wandera customers. Non-competes represent the estimated fair value of non-compete agreements acquired from Wandera. Trademarks represent the estimated fair value of the Wandera brand.

Wandera contributed revenue and net loss of $10.6 million and $11.3 million, respectively, from the acquisition date through December 31, 2021, excluding the effects of the acquisition and integration costs.

The following unaudited pro forma information presents the combined results of Jamf and Wandera assuming the acquisition was completed on January 1, 2020. As required by ASC 805, these unaudited pro forma results are presented for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations of the combined companies would have been had the acquisition occurred at the beginning of the period presented, nor are they indicative of future results of operations. The pro forma results below have been adjusted for the amortization of acquired intangibles, reduction of deferred revenue, deferred commissions, stock-based compensation expense, and additional interest expense. The pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2021 have also been adjusted to exclude the impact of $6.3 million of acquisition-related costs (pre-tax) incurred by the Company that are directly attributable to the transaction. The adjustments do not reflect the effect of costs or synergies that would have been expected to result from the integration of the acquisition.

Pro forma consolidated revenues and net loss for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, calculated as if Wandera had been acquired as of January 1, 2020, were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Revenues	$	377,996	$	288,666
Net loss	(83,383)		(44,671)

cmdReporter

On February 26, 2021, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with cmdSecurity to acquire certain cmdSecurity assets, including cmdReporter, a suite of security and compliance tools purpose-built for macOS. The final aggregate purchase price was approximately $3.4 million, which consisted of cash consideration of $3.0 million and contingent consideration of $0.4 million. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired based on their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. The allocation included $2.6 million to developed technology with an estimated useful life of 5.0 years and $0.4 million to IPR&D, with the remaining $0.4 million allocated to goodwill. The IPR&D was completed in the first quarter of 2022 and is amortized over its estimated useful life of 5.0 years.

Mondada

On October 15, 2020, the Company purchased all of the outstanding membership interests of Mondada. Mondada’s Kinobi patch management solutions integrate with Jamf Pro, allowing organizations to extend Jamf Pro’s built-in patch management functionality to include all Mac applications within an environment. The total purchase price was $2.7 million. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired based on their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. The allocation included $1.0 million to developed technology with an estimated useful life of 5.0 years and $0.1 million to customer relationships with an estimated useful life of 6.0 years, with the remaining $1.7 million allocated to goodwill. The goodwill recognized in this acquisition was primarily attributable to the workforce acquired and the expected synergies of integrating Mondada’s Kinobi patch management solutions with Jamf Pro. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes.

Digita

In 2019, the Company recorded contingent consideration in connection with its purchase of the outstanding membership interests of Digita. The maximum contingent consideration is $15.0 million if the acquired business achieves certain revenue milestones by December 31, 2022. The acquired business achieved the minimum revenue milestones, which resulted in the Company making cash payments of $4.6 million and $4.2 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively, to the former owners of the acquired business. An additional cash payment of $6.2 million was made in January 2023. See Note 3 for more information on the fair value of the contingent consideration.

Acquisitions - Schedule of acquisitions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 16, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jul. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Assets acquired:
Other current assets		$ 2,260
Liabilities assumed:
Goodwill	$ 856,925		$ 845,734		$ 541,480	$ 539,818
ZecOps
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents		820
Trade accounts receivable, net		448
Prepaid expenses		39
Intangible assets acquired		9,500
Operating lease assets		104
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable		(73)
Accrued liabilities		(2,260)
Income taxes payable		(48)
Deferred revenue		(1,014)
Operating lease liabilities		(85)
Deferred tax liability		(529)
Goodwill		35,119
Total purchase consideration		$ 44,281
Wandera Inc.
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents				$ 9,605
Trade accounts receivable, net				3,882
Prepaid expenses				900
Other current assets				426
Intangible assets acquired				102,050
Operating lease assets				1,474
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable				(788)
Accrued liabilities				(3,464)
Income taxes payable				(94)
Deferred revenue				(5,200)
Operating lease liabilities				(1,474)
Deferred tax liability				(9,374)
Goodwill				310,356
Total purchase consideration				$ 409,275

Summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of activity related to allowance for doubtful accounts

Activity related to our allowance for credit losses for trade accounts receivable was as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	391	$	530	$	200
Provision	328		143		824
Write-offs	(321)		(373)		(494)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off	47		91		—
Balance, end of period	$	445	$	391	$	530

Schedule of stock-based payment award valuation inputs

The Company used the following assumptions in the Modified Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of return target options modified during the year ended December 31, 2020:


Expected life of options			1.5 years
Expected volatility			55%
Risk-free interest rates			0.16%
Expected dividend yield			—%
Weighted-average grant-date fair value			$8.95

Schedule of disaggregation of revenue

Revenue from subscription and non-subscription contractual arrangements were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
SaaS subscription and support and maintenance	$	430,613	$	313,950	$	223,655
On‑premise subscription	24,394		30,293		25,224
Subscription revenue	455,007		344,243		248,879
Professional services	19,025		16,122		14,519
Perpetual licenses	4,744		6,023		5,734
Non‑subscription revenue	23,769		22,145		20,253
Total revenue	$	478,776	$	366,388	$	269,132

Schedule of changes in contract assets and liabilities

The opening and closing balances of contract assets were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of the period	$	1,792	$	947	$	499
Balance, end of the period	817		1,792		947
Change	$	(975)	$	845	$	448

Changes in contract liabilities, including revenue earned during the period from the beginning contract liability balance and new deferrals of revenue during the period, were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of the period	$	282,128	$	205,509	$	140,449
Acquisitions	1,014		5,200		—
Revenue earned	(222,964)		(160,002)		(127,915)
Deferral of revenue	287,608		231,421		192,975
Other (1)	(1,636)		—		—
Balance, end of the period	$	346,150	$	282,128	$	205,509

(1) Includes contract assets netted against contract liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis.

Summary of significant accounting policies - Contract balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Change in Contract with Customer, Liability [Line Items]
Non-current deferred revenue recognition period	5 years
Contract With Customer, Liability [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of the period	$ 282,128	$ 205,509	$ 140,449
Acquisitions	1,014	5,200	0
Revenue earned	(222,964)	(160,002)	(127,915)
Deferral of revenue	287,608	231,421	192,975
Other	(1,636)	0	0
Balance, end of the period	$ 346,150	$ 282,128	$ 205,509
Maximum
Change in Contract with Customer, Liability [Line Items]
Payment terms	60 days
Minimum
Change in Contract with Customer, Liability [Line Items]
Payment terms	30 days

Income taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income taxes

The domestic and foreign components of loss before income tax benefit were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Domestic	$	(123,521)	$	(71,537)	$	(34,829)
Foreign	(18,693)		(8,441)		792
Loss before income tax benefit	$	(142,214)	$	(79,978)	$	(34,037)

The components of income tax expense (benefit) attributable to continuing operations were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Current:
Federal	$	(6)	$	—	$	(551)
State	154		217		(73)
Foreign	1,894		638		987
Total current expense	2,042		855		363
Deferred:
Federal	(268)		(487)		(10,657)
State	(170)		(1,145)		(1,173)
Foreign	(2,517)		(4,012)		1,512
Total deferred benefit	(2,955)		(5,644)		(10,318)
Total income tax benefit	$	(913)	$	(4,789)	$	(9,955)

The income tax benefit differs from the amount of income tax benefit determined by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to pretax loss due to the following:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State income tax benefit, net of federal tax effect	2.5		3.1		4.7
Permanent differences	0.1		—		(0.7)
Foreign rate differential	(0.6)		(0.5)		(0.5)
Remeasurement gain/loss	—		0.7		(2.0)
Tax credits	2.0		2.3		3.4
Valuation allowance	(21.5)		(24.4)		(2.3)
Stock-based compensation	(1.6)		12.2		6.9
Transaction costs	(0.4)		(0.8)		(0.5)
Deferred rate change	0.4		0.9		(1.0)
Section 162(m)	(1.9)		(9.4)		—
Foreign withholding taxes	(0.5)		—		—
Other	1.1		0.9		0.2
Effective tax rate	0.6	%	6.0	%	29.2	%

Significant components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows:


	December 31,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued compensation	$	3,821	$	4,529
Deferred revenue	12,883		8,331
Section 174 capitalization	9,540		—
Stock-based compensation	14,960		5,026
Federal tax credits	8,949		6,668
Foreign withholding taxes	2,782		—
Net operating losses	50,794		46,173
State tax credits	2,495		2,086
Business interest limitation	10,054		10,450
Operating lease liabilities	4,347		4,848
2026 Notes	6,627		8,304
Other	3,842		3,267
Gross deferred tax assets	131,094		99,682
Valuation allowance	(63,541)		(31,512)
Total deferred tax assets	67,553		68,170
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred contract costs	(14,170)		(10,491)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(3,520)		(4,047)
Intangibles and other	(50,578)		(59,670)
Other	(300)		(1,191)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(68,568)		(75,399)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(1,015)	$	(7,229)

The components giving rise to the net deferred tax liabilities detailed above have been included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:


	December 31,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Non-current deferred tax assets (1)	$	4,490	$	1,471
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	(5,505)		(8,700)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(1,015)	$	(7,229)

(1) Included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company established a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets in the U.S. and UK to reduce the total to an amount management believes are more likely than not to be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon sufficient future taxable income during the periods when deductible temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be available to reduce taxable income. The valuation allowance increased by $32.0 million, $28.5 million, and $0.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had a U.S. federal NOL carryforward of approximately $141.9 million, a foreign NOL carryforward of approximately $59.7 million, federal research and development credits of approximately $8.0 million, and foreign tax credits of approximately $1.9 million primarily consisting of investment tax credit carryforwards. The Company also had state NOL carryforwards of approximately $93.3 million and state credits for research and development of approximately $3.5 million. Approximately $87.7 million of the federal NOL carryforwards will begin to expire in 2037. The remainder of the federal NOLs of $54.2 million and the foreign NOLs are carried forward indefinitely. The state NOL carryforwards began expiring in 2022 and are available to offset future taxable income or reduce taxes payable through 2042. The federal research and development credits, state research and development credits, and foreign tax credits will begin

expiring in 2033, 2026, and 2023, respectively. The Company also had a foreign withholding tax carryforward of approximately $2.8 million.

The Company has not provided for deferred taxes on outside basis differences for investments in its international subsidiaries that are unrelated to unremitted earnings as these basis differences will be indefinitely reinvested. A determination of the unrecognized deferred taxes related to these other components of outstanding basis difference is not practicable to calculate.

A company’s ability to utilize a portion of its NOL carryforwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations under Section 382 of the Code due to changes in the equity ownership of the Company. The Company conducted a Section 382 analysis and determined that although an ownership change occurred in a prior period, all NOLs will be fully available for utilization before expiration.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Balance, January 1	$	1,003	$	670	$	540
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	230		161		130
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years	39		172		—
Balance, December 31	$	1,272	$	1,003	$	670

Under the provision for uncertainty in income taxes, the total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31, 2022 was approximately $1.4 million. At December 31, 2022, the realization of unrecognized tax benefits was not expected to impact the effective rate due to a full valuation allowance on federal and state deferred taxes.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, Minnesota, the UK, and various other state and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is not subject to U.S. federal, foreign, state, and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2019. It is difficult to predict the final timing and resolution of any particular uncertain tax position. Based on the Company’s assessment of many factors, including past experience and complex judgements about future events, the Company does not currently anticipate significant changes in its uncertain tax positions over the next 12 months.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits as additional income tax expense. The Company did not recognize material income tax expense related to interest and penalties during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law. The most significant relief measure which the Company qualified for was the payroll tax deferral. Beginning with pay dates on and after April 17, 2020, the Company elected to defer the employer-paid portion of social security taxes, resulting in an accrual of $3.8 million as of December 31, 2020. The Company paid $1.9 million of the deferred portion of payroll taxes in the fourth quarter of 2021 and the remaining $1.9 million of the deferred portion of payroll taxes in the fourth quarter of 2022.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32857-109319

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+ Details

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (141,301)	$ (75,189)	$ (24,082)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(32,085)	(7,866)	0
Total other comprehensive loss	(32,085)	(7,866)	0
Comprehensive loss	$ (173,386)	$ (83,055)	$ (24,082)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

+ Details

Debt - Schedule of balances and availability of 2026 Notes and 2020 Revolving Credit Facility (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 17, 2021
Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding	$ 1,037	$ 1,037
Unutilized Amount	$ 148,963	$ 148,963
Interest rate (percentage)	1.25%	1.25%
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 \| Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding	$ 364,505	$ 362,031
Interest rate (percentage)	0.125%	0.125%	0.125%

Commitments and contingencies (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Commitments and contingencies (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Variable obligation		$ 17,500,000
Contract period		3 years
Damages awarded	$ 5,000,000
Liabilities for contingencies	$ 0	$ 0
Unrelated
Other Commitments [Line Items]
2023		37,738,000
2024		35,039,000
2025		16,911,000
2026		0
2027		0
Thereafter		0
Contractual obligation for hosting services		$ 89,688,000

Condensed financial information (Parent Company only)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Condensed financial information (Parent Company only)

Jamf Holding Corp.

(Parent Company only)

Condensed Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	—
Total current assets	—		—
Investment in subsidiaries	701,338		738,426
Total assets	$	701,338	$	738,426

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Current liabilities	$	—	$	—
Total current liabilities	—		—
Other liabilities	—		—
Total liabilities	—		—
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and 2021; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021	—		—
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and 2021; 123,170,172 and 119,426,064 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively	123		119
Additional paid-in capital	1,049,875		913,581
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(39,951)		(7,866)
Accumulated deficit	(308,709)		(167,408)
Total stockholders’ equity	701,338		738,426
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	701,338	$	738,426

Jamf Holding Corp.

(Parent Company only)

Condensed Statements of Operations

(in thousands)


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Revenue	$	—	$	—	$	—
Operating expenses	—		—		—
Loss from operations	—		—		—
Other income, net	—		—		—
Loss before income tax benefit and equity in net loss of subsidiaries	—		—		—
Income tax benefit	—		—		—
Equity in net loss of subsidiaries	(141,301)		(75,189)		(24,082)
Net loss	$	(141,301)	$	(75,189)	$	(24,082)

Jamf Holding Corp.

(Parent Company only)

Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands)


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Net loss	$	(141,301)	$	(75,189)	$	(24,082)
Other comprehensive loss:
Subsidiaries’ other comprehensive loss	(32,085)		(7,866)		—
Total other comprehensive loss	(32,085)		(7,866)		—
Comprehensive loss	$	(173,386)	$	(83,055)	$	(24,082)

Basis of presentation

Jamf Holding Corp. is a holding company with no material operations of its own that conducts substantially all of its activities through its subsidiaries. Jamf Holding Corp. has no direct outstanding debt obligations. However, JAMF Holdings Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, as borrower under the 2020 Credit Agreement, is limited in its ability to declare dividends or make any payment on account of its capital stock to, directly or indirectly, fund a dividend or other distribution to Jamf Holding Corp., subject to limited exceptions, including (1) stock repurchases, (2) unlimited amounts subject to compliance with a 6.0 to 1.0 total leverage ratio giving pro forma effect to any distribution, (3) amounts not to exceed the greater of (i) $20 million and (ii) 20% of EBITDA in any reference period, and (4) payment of Jamf Holding Corp.’s overhead expenses. Due to the aforementioned qualitative restrictions, substantially all of the assets of Jamf Holding Corp.’s subsidiaries are restricted. For a discussion of the 2020 Credit Agreement, see Note 9.

These condensed financial statements have been presented on a “parent-only” basis. Under a parent-only presentation, Jamf Holding Corp.’s investment in subsidiaries is presented under the equity method of accounting. A condensed statement of cash flows was not presented because Jamf Holding Corp. has no material operating, investing, or financing cash flow activities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. As such, these parent-only statements should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Summary of significant accounting policies - Contract assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Contract with Customer, Asset, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of the period	$ 1,792	$ 947	$ 499
Balance, end of the period	817	1,792	947
Change	$ (975)	$ 845	$ 448

Goodwill and other intangible assets - Intangible assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Value		$ 405,920
Accumulated Amortization	$ 188,827	141,727
Net Carrying Value	218,744	264,193
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Gross Value	407,571	406,320
Net Carrying Value	$ 218,744	264,593
Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life	2 years
Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life	12 years
IPR&D
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Indefinite-lived intangible assets		400
Trademarks
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Value	$ 34,649	34,690
Accumulated Amortization	22,200	17,788
Net Carrying Value	$ 12,449	$ 16,902
Weighted‑ Average Remaining Useful Life	2 years 9 months 18 days	3 years 9 months 18 days
Trademarks \| Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life	3 years	3 years
Trademarks \| Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life	8 years	8 years
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Value	$ 249,659	$ 249,495
Accumulated Amortization	96,973	75,600
Net Carrying Value	$ 152,686	$ 173,895
Weighted‑ Average Remaining Useful Life	7 years 2 months 12 days	8 years 3 months 18 days
Customer relationships \| Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life	2 years	2 years
Customer relationships \| Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life	12 years	12 years
Developed technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Value	$ 116,881	$ 116,193
Accumulated Amortization	66,373	47,142
Net Carrying Value	$ 50,508	$ 69,051
Weighted‑ Average Remaining Useful Life	4 years 8 months 12 days	5 years 1 month 6 days
Developed technology \| Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life	5 years	5 years
Developed technology \| Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life	6 years 6 months	6 years 6 months
Non-competes
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Value	$ 2,864	$ 1,797
Accumulated Amortization	1,066	439
Net Carrying Value	$ 1,798	$ 1,358
Weighted‑ Average Remaining Useful Life	2 years 3 months 18 days	2 years
Non-competes \| Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life	2 years	2 years
Non-competes \| Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life	3 years	2 years 6 months
Order backlog
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life	2 years 6 months	2 years 6 months
Gross Value	$ 3,518	$ 3,745
Accumulated Amortization	2,215	758
Net Carrying Value	$ 1,303	$ 2,987
Weighted‑ Average Remaining Useful Life	1 year	2 years

Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of long-term debt instruments

The following table summarizes the balances and availability of our 2026 Notes and 2020 Revolving Credit Facility:


	Outstanding (1)				Unutilized Amount				Interest Rate		Maturity Date
	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022	December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
2026 Notes	$	364,505	$	362,031	N/A		N/A		0.125%	0.125%	Sept. 1, 2026
2020 Revolving Credit Facility	1,037		1,037		$	148,963	$	148,963	1.25%	1.25%	July 27, 2025

(1) Represents the net carrying amount of our 2026 Notes and outstanding letters of credit under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility.

Schedule of interest expense

The following table sets forth the interest expense related to the 2026 Notes for the periods presented:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Contractual interest expense	$	467	$	135
Amortization of issuance costs	2,474		711

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

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+ Details

Condensed financial information (Parent Company only) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Condensed Balance Sheet


	December 31,
	2022		2021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	—
Total current assets	—		—
Investment in subsidiaries	701,338		738,426
Total assets	$	701,338	$	738,426

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Current liabilities	$	—	$	—
Total current liabilities	—		—
Other liabilities	—		—
Total liabilities	—		—
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and 2021; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021	—		—
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and 2021; 123,170,172 and 119,426,064 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively	123		119
Additional paid-in capital	1,049,875		913,581
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(39,951)		(7,866)
Accumulated deficit	(308,709)		(167,408)
Total stockholders’ equity	701,338		738,426
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	701,338	$	738,426

Condensed Income Statement


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Revenue	$	—	$	—	$	—
Operating expenses	—		—		—
Loss from operations	—		—		—
Other income, net	—		—		—
Loss before income tax benefit and equity in net loss of subsidiaries	—		—		—
Income tax benefit	—		—		—
Equity in net loss of subsidiaries	(141,301)		(75,189)		(24,082)
Net loss	$	(141,301)	$	(75,189)	$	(24,082)

Condensed Statement of Comprehensive Loss


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Net loss	$	(141,301)	$	(75,189)	$	(24,082)
Other comprehensive loss:
Subsidiaries’ other comprehensive loss	(32,085)		(7,866)		—
Total other comprehensive loss	(32,085)		(7,866)		—
Comprehensive loss	$	(173,386)	$	(83,055)	$	(24,082)

Share-based compensation - Employee stock purchase plan (Details)		12 Months Ended
	May 25, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) calendarYear $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Employee stock purchase plan		$ 6,840,000	$ 0	$ 0
Shares committed under the 2021 ESPP
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Offering periods	6 months
Discount percentage	15.00%
Percentage of the fair market value of common stock	85.00%
Maximum employee payroll deduction percentage	15.00%
Aggregate value of shares purchased		25,000
Eligible employee compensation		$ 1,100,000	$ 1,200,000
Shares reserved for issuance (in shares) \| shares		3,899,071
Number of purchase periods \| calendarYear		10
Percentage of outstanding stock		1.00%
Shares authorized for issuance (in shares) \| shares		16,000,000
Shares issued (in shares) \| shares		295,189	0
Weighted average price of shares purchased (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 22.80
Employee stock purchase plan		$ 6,800,000
Weighted-average grant-date fair value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 8.28	$ 11.97
Unrecognized compensation expense		$ 900,000
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation expense would be recognized		4 months

Basis of presentation and description of business - Segment and geographic information (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Number of operating segment \| segment	1
Number of reportable segment \| segment	1
Total revenue	$ 478,776	$ 366,388	$ 269,132
Long-lived assets	43,249	39,645
The Americas
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	330,704	261,516	202,737
Long-lived assets	28,087	30,459
Europe, the Middle East, India, and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	113,861	79,918	50,534
Long-lived assets	4,904	6,839
Asia Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	34,211	24,954	$ 15,861
Long-lived assets	$ 10,258	$ 2,347
U.S. \| Property, Plant and Equipment \| Geographic Concentration Risk
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	65.00%	77.00%

Share-based compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-based compensation

The Company’s equity incentive plans provide for granting various share-based awards to eligible employees, non-employee directors, and consultants of the Company. In addition, the Company offers an employee stock purchase plan to eligible employees.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense for all equity arrangements as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue:
Subscription	$	8,854	$	3,755	$	732
Services	1,299		594		139
Sales and marketing	33,559		10,938		1,748
Research and development	24,392		10,512		1,533
General and administrative	41,066		10,006		2,591
	$	109,170	$	35,805	$	6,743

The Company recognized a tax benefit related to stock-based compensation of $10.1 million, $12.8 million, and $3.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Equity Incentive Plans

On July 21, 2020, the Company adopted the 2020 Plan. The 2020 Plan provides for grants of (i) stock options, (ii) stock appreciation rights, (iii) restricted shares, (iv) performance awards, (v) other share-based awards, and (vi) other cash-based awards to eligible employees, non-employee directors, and consultants of the Company. We initially reserved 14,800,000 shares of our common stock for issuance under the 2020 Plan. The total number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan increases on January 1st of each of the first 10 calendar years during the term of the 2020 Plan by the lesser of: (i) a number of shares of our common stock equal to 4% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year or (ii) a number of shares of our common stock as determined by our Board. The maximum number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan was 24,256,740 shares as of January 1, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, 13,413,731 shares of common stock are reserved for additional grants under the 2020 Plan.

The 2017 Option Plan became effective November 13, 2017 upon the approval of the Board and, prior to the adoption of the 2020 Plan, served as the umbrella plan for the Company’s stock-based and cash-based incentive compensation program for its officers and other eligible employees. The aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2017 Option Plan may not exceed 8,470,000 shares. As of December 31, 2022, 128,928 shares of common stock are reserved for additional grants under the 2017 Option Plan. All stock options previously granted by the Company were at an exercise price at or above the estimated fair market value of the Company’s common stock as of the grant date.

Return Target Options

The table below summarizes return target option activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:


	Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	3,687,664	$	6.75	6.8	$	115,278
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(414,744)	6.75
Forfeitures	—	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	3,272,920	$	6.75	5.8	$	47,623
Options exercisable at December 31, 2022	3,272,920	$	6.75	5.8	$	47,623
Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2022	3,272,920	$	6.75	5.8	$	47,623

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value that would have been received by the optionholders had all optionholders exercised their options on the last day of the period. No return target options were granted during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. The return target options outstanding on June 27, 2022 were modified such that these options were deemed fully vested as of June 30, 2022. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, with the filing of a Form S-3 “shelf” registration statement, the market condition and the implied performance obligation were deemed to be satisfied and the Company recognized $33.0 million of stock-based compensation expense. See Note 2 for further information. There is no remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to these return target options as of December 31, 2022. The total fair value of return target options vested during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $33.0 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of the options exercised, which represents the difference between the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise and the exercise price of each option, was $7.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. No return target options vested or were exercised during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company issues new shares when return target options are exercised.

Service-Based Options

The table below summarizes the service-based option activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:


	Options	Weighted‑ Average Exercise Price		Weighted‑ Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	1,643,266	$	5.68	6.1	$	53,129
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(427,444)	5.62
Forfeitures	—	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	1,215,822	$	5.70	5.1	$	18,968
Options exercisable at December 31, 2022	1,162,656	$	5.58	5.0	$	18,272
Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2022	1,215,822	$	5.70	5.1	$	18,968

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value that would have been received by the optionholders had all optionholders exercised their options on the last date of the period. Service-based options vest over four years with 25% vesting one year after grant and the remainder vesting ratably on a quarterly basis thereafter. The Company issues new shares when service-based options are exercised. All service-based options outstanding under the Company’s option plans have exercise prices equal to the fair value of the Company’s stock on the grant date. All awards expire after 10 years.

No service-based options were granted during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. The aggregate intrinsic value of the options exercised, which represents the difference between the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise and the exercise price of each option, was $11.2 million, $54.7 million, and $13.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The total fair value of service-based options vested

during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $0.7 million, $2.6 million, and $2.6 million, respectively. There was $0.3 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to service-based options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.9 years as of December 31, 2022.

Restricted Stock Units

RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2022 was as follows:


	Units	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share)
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	6,890,938	$	31.59
Granted	4,065,117	27.50
Vested	(1,895,620)	31.88
Forfeited	(643,078)	30.67
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	8,417,357	$	29.61

RSUs under the 2020 Plan generally vest ratably on an annual basis over four years. RSUs under the 2017 Option Plan vest 100% on the one year anniversary of the date of the grant. The weighted-average grant date fair value of RSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $27.50, $32.51, and $26.33, respectively. There was $216.1 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.9 years as of December 31, 2022. The total fair value of RSUs vested during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $60.4 million, $16.2 million, and $0.5 million, respectively.

Long-Term Incentive Plan

In the third quarter of 2021, the Company offered employees with LTIP grants the opportunity to convert those awards into RSUs under the 2020 Plan. Upon conversion, 50% of the RSUs vested immediately and the remaining 50% vested on the one year anniversary of the grant date, provided the employee remained continuously employed by the Company through the vesting date. All employees elected to convert their outstanding LTIP grants into RSUs, resulting in grants totaling 413,234 shares.

The conversion of the previously outstanding LTIP grants into RSUs resulted in the recognition of $4.5 million and $9.8 million of stock-based compensation expense during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The expense on the unvested RSUs was recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

On May 25, 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 ESPP. The 2021 ESPP provides for six-month offering periods beginning May 1st and November 1st of each fiscal year and provides eligible employees the opportunity to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock through accumulated payroll deductions at a 15% discount. On each purchase date, the purchase price of the shares is the lesser of (i) 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the first day of trading of the offering period or (ii) 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the last day of trading of the offering period. Payroll deductions are limited to 15% of an employee’s eligible compensation. The number of shares an employee may purchase during any offering period is limited to an aggregate value of $25,000 per calendar year based on the stock price on the first day of trading of the offering period. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company withheld, at the employees’ request, $1.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of eligible employee compensation, which is included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet, for purchases of common stock under the 2021 ESPP.

As of December 31, 2022, 3,899,071 shares of common stock were reserved for future issuance under the 2021 ESPP. The total number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2021 ESPP increases on January 1st of each of the first 10 calendar years after the first offering date by a number of shares of our common stock equal to 1% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year. The aggregate number of shares issued over the term of the 2021 ESPP will not exceed 16,000,000 shares. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company’s employees purchased 295,189 shares of common stock under the 2021 ESPP at a weighted-average purchase price of $22.80 per share. Total proceeds to the Company were $6.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. No shares of common stock were issued under the 2021 ESPP during the year ended December 31, 2021.

The grant date fair value of shares issued under the 2021 ESPP equals the sum of (i) 15% of the Company’s quoted stock price on the first day of trading of the offering period and (ii) 85% of the fair market value of a stock option using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The average grant date fair value for the offering periods under the 2021 ESPP that commenced in 2022 was $8.28 per share. The average grant date fair value for the offering period under the 2021 ESPP that commenced in 2021 was $11.97 per share. The Company used the following assumptions in the Black-Scholes option pricing model:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022	2021
Expected term	0.5 years	0.5 years
Expected volatility	60.05% - 64.90%	40.31%
Risk-free interest rate	1.49% - 4.58%	0.06%
Expected dividend yield	—%	—%

There was $0.9 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the 2021 ESPP that is expected to be recognized over a period of four months as of December 31, 2022.

Summary of significant accounting policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of significant accounting policies

Net loss per share of common stock

Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period. The potentially dilutive securities include outstanding stock options, unvested RSUs, shares related to the 2026 Notes, and shares issuable pursuant to the 2021 ESPP and are determined by applying either the treasury-stock method or the if-converted method, as applicable. Because we have reported a net loss for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the number of shares used to calculate diluted net loss per common share is the same as the number of shares used to calculate basic net loss per common share for those periods given that the potentially dilutive shares would have been anti-dilutive if included in the calculation.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers any highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities at the time of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash in deposit accounts that, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Trade accounts receivable, net

Credit is extended to customers in the normal course of business. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowances.

Effective January 1, 2021, upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, the allowance for credit losses is based on an expected loss model that estimates losses over the expected life of the trade accounts receivable. The Company estimates expected credit losses based on the Company’s historical loss information, current and future economic and market conditions, and ongoing review of customers’ account balances. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company determined the allowance for doubtful accounts based on the delinquency of the account, the financial condition of the customer, and the Company’s collection experience.

The Company writes-off a receivable against the allowance when a determination is made that the balance is uncollectible and collection of the receivable is no longer being actively pursued. This determination is based on the delinquency of the account, the financial condition of the customer, and the Company’s collection experience.

Activity related to our allowance for credit losses for trade accounts receivable was as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	391	$	530	$	200
Provision	328		143		824
Write-offs	(321)		(373)		(494)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off	47		91		—
Balance, end of period	$	445	$	391	$	530

Equipment and leasehold improvements, net

Equipment and leasehold improvements are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for renewals and betterments that extend the life of such assets are capitalized. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. These lives are three years for computers and server equipment, three years for software, five years for furniture and fixtures, and the lesser of the lease term or the useful life of the leasehold improvements. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Differences between amounts received and the net carrying value of assets retired or disposed of are charged to income as incurred.

Equipment and leasehold improvements, net are tested for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. There were no impairment losses recognized during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Business combinations

When the Company acquires a business, the purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. The allocation of the purchase price requires management to make significant estimates in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, especially with respect to intangible assets. These estimates are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, adjustments to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed may be recorded with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of the assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill

The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment in accordance with ASC 350, which requires goodwill to be either qualitatively or quantitatively assessed for impairment annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise) for each reporting unit. The Company has one reporting unit. The Company performs its impairment testing of goodwill at least annually and more frequently if events occur that would indicate that it is more likely than not the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value. If the Company’s reporting unit carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge will be recorded based on that difference. The impairment charge will be limited to the amount of goodwill currently recognized in the Company’s single reporting unit. The Company elected to perform a quantitative assessment of goodwill as of October 1, 2022, and no impairment was identified. No other interim impairment tests were deemed necessary.

Other intangibles, net

Intangible assets with finite lives include trademarks, customer relationships, developed technology, non-competes, and order backlog. These assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which range from two to twelve years, on a straight-line basis. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset (asset group) may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the estimated undiscounted cash flows generated by the asset. The amount of the impairment loss

recorded is calculated by the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. There were no material impairment losses recognized during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Intangible assets with indefinite lives as of December 31, 2021 included IPR&D. These assets are not amortized, but are assessed for potential impairment annually or when circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. There were no impairment losses recognized during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Operating leases

The Company adopted ASC 842 on January 1, 2021 using the optional transition method to the modified retrospective approach. Under this transition provision, results for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2021 are presented under ASC 842 while prior period amounts continue to be reported and disclosed in accordance with the Company’s historical accounting treatment under ASC 840.

The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception, which is the date on which the terms of the contract are agreed to and the agreement creates enforceable rights and obligations. Under ASC 842, a contract is or contains a lease when (i) explicitly or implicitly identified assets have been deployed in the contract and (ii) the customer obtains substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of that underlying asset and directs how and for what purpose the asset is used during the term of the contract. The Company also considers whether its service arrangements include the right to control the use of an asset.

The Company recognizes ROU assets and lease liabilities based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date of the lease (or January 1, 2021 for existing leases upon the adoption of ASC 842). The ROU assets also include any initial direct costs incurred and lease payments made at or before the commencement date and are reduced by any lease incentives. The Company made an accounting policy election under ASC 842 not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less.

Future lease payments may include fixed rent escalation clauses or payments that depend on an index (such as the consumer price index). Subsequent changes to an index and other periodic market-rate adjustments to base rent are recorded in variable lease expense in the period incurred.

The Company made an accounting policy election to account for lease and non-lease components in its contracts as a single lease component for all asset classes. The non-lease components typically represent additional services transferred to the Company, such as common area maintenance for real estate, which are variable in nature and recorded in variable lease expense in the period incurred.

The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of lease payments as the Company’s leases do not have a readily determinable implicit discount rate. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term and amount in a similar economic environment. Judgement is applied in assessing factors such as Company specific credit risk, lease term, nature and quality of the underlying collateral, currency, and economic environment in determining the incremental borrowing rate to apply to each lease.

Debt issuance costs

Costs of debt financing are charged to expense over the lives of the related financing agreements. Remaining costs and the future period over which they would be charged to expense are reassessed when amendments to the related financing agreements or prepayments occur. Debt issuance costs for the Company’s 2026 Notes are recognized as an offset to the liability and are amortized using the effective-interest method. Debt issuance costs for the Company’s revolving line of credit are recognized in other assets and are amortized on a straight-line basis.

Stock split

On July 10, 2020, the Company effected a 110-for-1 stock split of its common stock. The par value of the common stock was not adjusted as a result of the stock split. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts for all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have be adjusted retrospectively, where applicable, to reflect this stock split.

Offering costs

Prior to the IPO, the Company capitalized offering costs incurred in connection with the sale of common stock in the IPO, including legal, accounting, printing, and other IPO-related costs. Upon completion of the IPO, $7.3 million of deferred offering costs were reclassified to stockholders’ equity and recorded against the proceeds from the offering. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company incurred costs of $0.1 million, $0.6 million, and $0.7 million, respectively, in connection with prospective and completed secondary offerings after the IPO. The Company did not receive any proceeds as only certain selling shareholders participated in these offerings. These costs were expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Foreign currency

Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our foreign operations, except for Jamf Ltd. and its subsidiaries, is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of Jamf Ltd. and its subsidiaries is the GBP. The assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses of our foreign operations are remeasured in accordance with ASC 830. Remeasurement adjustments are recorded as foreign currency transaction gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of operations. Assets and liabilities of Jamf Ltd. and its subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars based upon exchange rates prevailing at the end of each period. Revenues and expenses of Jamf Ltd. and its subsidiaries are translated at weighted-average exchange rates on a monthly basis. The resulting translation adjustment is included in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Stock-based compensation

In accordance with ASC 718, the Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards granted to our employees and non-employee directors in the consolidated statements of operations based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of service-based options and purchase rights granted under the 2021 ESPP. We use the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant to estimate the fair value of RSUs. We recognize compensation expense for service-based options and RSUs on a straight-line basis over the applicable vesting period. We recognize compensation expense for the purchase rights granted under the 2021 ESPP on a straight-line basis over the offering period. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

The Company has also granted performance-based awards (also referred to as return target options) to certain executives. The Company uses a Modified Black-Scholes option pricing model, which uses Level 3 inputs for fair value measurement, to estimate the fair value. The contractual term of the awards is 10 years. As originally granted, the performance-based awards would vest and become exercisable when Vista’s realized cash return on its investment in the Company equaled or exceeded $1.515 billion upon the Termination Event. In conjunction with the IPO, the vesting conditions of the performance-based awards were modified to also vest following an IPO and registration and sale of shares by Vista provided that Vista achieved a cash return on its equity investment in the Company equaling or exceeding $1.515 billion. In accordance with ASC 718, we calculated the fair value of these options on the modification date. The value of these options on the date of modification as of June 30, 2020 was $33.0 million. As the awards were not considered probable of meeting the vesting requirements, no expense was recognized during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

The Company used the following assumptions in the Modified Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of return target options modified during the year ended December 31, 2020:


Expected life of options			1.5 years
Expected volatility			55%
Risk-free interest rates			0.16%
Expected dividend yield			—%
Weighted-average grant-date fair value			$8.95

On June 24, 2022, the Company filed a Form S-3 “shelf” registration statement to facilitate future selling shareholder sales of common stock, including by Vista, and the achievement of the performance condition became probable, which resulted in the recognition of $33.0 million of stock-based compensation expense. On June 27, 2022, the return target options outstanding were modified such that these options were deemed fully vested as of June 30, 2022. The fair value of the awards immediately before the modification was higher than the fair value immediately after the modification and therefore no incremental compensation cost was recognized.

The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the use of subjective assumptions as inputs. These assumptions include the following:

•Expected Term — The expected term of stock options represents the weighted-average period the stock options are expected to be outstanding. For time-based awards, the estimated expected term of the options granted is generally calculated as the vesting period plus the midpoint of the remaining contractual term as the Company does not have sufficient historical information to develop reasonable expectations surrounding future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior. The expected term for the purchase rights issued under the 2021 ESPP is based on the duration of the offering period.

•Expected Volatility — For return target options modified during the year ended December 31, 2020 and return target options and service-based options granted during the year ended December 31, 2019, the expected stock price volatility assumption was determined by examining the historical volatility of a group of industry peers as the Company did not have substantive trading history for its common stock. For the purchase rights issued under the 2021 ESPP, the expected volatility was based on the Company’s historical data.

•Risk-Free Interest Rate — The risk-free rate assumption was based on U.S. Treasury instruments with terms that were consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options and offering period for the 2021 ESPP.

•Expected Dividend — The Company uses an expected dividend yield of zero as we do not currently pay dividends and have no plans to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

•Fair Value of Common Stock — Following the IPO, the Company’s shares are publicly traded, and the Company uses the applicable closing price of its common stock to determine fair value. Prior to the IPO, the fair value of the shares of common stock underlying the stock options had historically been the responsibility of and determined by the Company’s Board. Because there was no public market for the Company’s common stock prior to our IPO, the Board used independent third-party valuations of the Company’s common stock, operating and financial performance, and general and industry-specific economic outlook, amongst other factors.

Income taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740 under which deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, NOLs, and tax credit carryforwards. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

We use a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. A tax position is recognized when it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. The standard also provides guidance on derecognition of tax benefits, classification on the balance sheet, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition.

Revenue recognition

The Company applies ASC 606 and follows a five-step model to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized in accordance with ASC 606:

•Identify the contract with a customer

•Identify the performance obligations in the contract

•Determine the transaction price

•Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

•Recognize revenue when or as performance obligations are satisfied

The Company’s revenue is primarily derived from sales of SaaS subscriptions, support and maintenance contracts, software licenses, and related professional services. The Company’s products and services are marketed and sold directly, as well as indirectly through third-party resellers, to the end-user.

The Company assesses the contract term as the period in which the parties to the contract have enforceable rights and obligations. The contract term can differ from the stated term in contracts with certain termination or renewal rights, depending on whether there are substantive penalties associated with those rights. Customer contracts are generally standardized and non-cancelable for the duration of the stated contract term.

Nature of Products and Services

Subscription: Subscription includes SaaS subscription arrangements, which include a promise to allow customers to access software hosted by the Company over the contract period without allowing the customer to take possession of the software or transfer hosting to a third party. Subscription also includes support and maintenance, which includes when-and-if available software updates and technical support on our perpetual and on-premise term-based subscription licenses. Because the subscription represents a stand-ready obligation to provide a series of distinct periods of access to the subscription, which are all substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer, subscriptions are accounted for as a series and revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term, beginning at the point when the customer is able to use and benefit from the subscription. Subscription also includes sales of on-premise term-based subscription arrangements. Licenses for on-premise term-based software provide the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when made available to the customer. Revenue from software licenses is recognized upon transfer of control to the customer, which is typically upon making the software available to the customer.

Services: Services, including training, are often sold as part of new software license or subscription contracts. These services are fulfilled by the Company and with the use of other vendors and do not significantly modify, integrate, or otherwise depend on other performance obligations included in the contracts. Services are generally performed over a one- to two-day period and, when sold as part of new software license or subscription contracts, at or near the outset of the related contract. When other vendors participate in the provisioning of the services, the Company recognizes the related revenue on a gross basis as the Company is the principal in these arrangements. Revenue related to services is recognized as the Company’s performance obligation is fulfilled. Related fulfillment costs are recognized as incurred.

License: License includes sales of on-premise perpetual software. Licenses for on-premise perpetual software provide the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when made available to the customer. Revenue from on-premise perpetual software licenses is recognized upon transfer of control to the customer, which is typically upon making the software available to the customer.

Certain contracts may include explicit options to renew subscriptions or maintenance at a stated price. These options are generally priced in line with the SSP and therefore do not provide a material right to the customer. If the option provides a material right to the customer, then the material right is accounted for as a separate performance obligation, and the Company recognizes revenue when those future goods or services underlying the option are transferred or when the option expires.

Transaction Price

The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods and services to the customer. The transaction price is exclusive of amounts collected on behalf of third parties, such as sales tax and value-added tax.

Significant Judgments

When the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations, the contract transaction price is allocated based on a relative SSP basis to each performance obligation. The Company typically determines SSP based on observable selling prices of its products and services.

In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as with software licenses that are never sold on a stand-alone basis, SSP is determined using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. SSP is typically established as ranges, and the Company typically has more than one SSP range for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customer class, channel type, and purchase quantity, among other circumstances. The SSP is reassessed periodically or when facts and circumstances change.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company separates revenue into subscription and non-subscription categories to disaggregate those revenues that are term-based and renewable from those that are one-time in nature. Revenue from subscription and non-subscription contractual arrangements were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
SaaS subscription and support and maintenance	$	430,613	$	313,950	$	223,655
On‑premise subscription	24,394		30,293		25,224
Subscription revenue	455,007		344,243		248,879
Professional services	19,025		16,122		14,519
Perpetual licenses	4,744		6,023		5,734
Non‑subscription revenue	23,769		22,145		20,253
Total revenue	$	478,776	$	366,388	$	269,132

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition may not align with the right to invoice the customer. The Company records accounts receivable when it has the unconditional right to issue an invoice and receive payment regardless of whether revenue has been recognized. For multiyear agreements, the Company will either invoice the customer in full at the inception of the contract or in installments (generally annually at the beginning of each renewal period). If revenue has not yet been recognized, then a contract liability (deferred revenue) is also recorded. Deferred revenue classified as current in the consolidated balance sheets is expected to be recognized as revenue within one year. Non-current deferred revenue will generally be fully recognized within five years. If revenue is recognized in advance of the right to invoice, a contract asset is recorded in other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The opening and closing balances of contract assets were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of the period	$	1,792	$	947	$	499
Balance, end of the period	817		1,792		947
Change	$	(975)	$	845	$	448

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the allowance for expected credit losses associated with contract assets was not material.

Changes in contract liabilities, including revenue earned during the period from the beginning contract liability balance and new deferrals of revenue during the period, were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of the period	$	282,128	$	205,509	$	140,449
Acquisitions	1,014		5,200		—
Revenue earned	(222,964)		(160,002)		(127,915)
Deferral of revenue	287,608		231,421		192,975
Other (1)	(1,636)		—		—
Balance, end of the period	$	346,150	$	282,128	$	205,509

(1) Includes contract assets netted against contract liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis.

There were no significant changes to our contract assets and liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 outside of our sales activities.

In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of the right to invoice, the Company has determined that a significant financing component generally does not exist. The primary purpose of the Company’s invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing the products and services and not to receive financing from or provide financing to the customer. Additionally, the Company has elected the practical expedient that permits an entity not to recognize a significant financing component if the time between the transfer of a good or service and payment is one year or less.

Payment terms on invoiced amounts are typically 30 to 60 days. The Company does not offer rights of return for its products and services in the normal course of business and contracts generally do not include customer acceptance clauses.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes deferred revenue and noncancellable amounts to be invoiced. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $427.3 million of remaining performance obligations, with 71% expected to be recognized as revenue over the succeeding 12 months, and the remainder generally expected to be recognized over the three years thereafter.

Deferred Contract Costs

Sales commissions, as well as associated payroll taxes and retirement plan contributions (together, contract costs), that are incremental to the acquisition of customer contracts are capitalized using a portfolio approach as deferred contract costs in the consolidated balance sheets when the period of benefit is determined to be greater than one year.

The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient to expense contract costs as incurred when the expected amortization period is one year or less. The judgments made in determining the amount of costs incurred include the portion of the commissions that are expensed in the current period versus the portion of the commissions that are recognized over the expected period of benefit, which often extends beyond the contract term as we generally do not pay commensurate commissions upon renewal of the service contracts. Contract costs are allocated to each performance obligation within the contract and amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected benefit period of the related performance obligations. Contract costs are amortized as a component of sales and marketing expenses in our consolidated statement of operations. We have determined that the expected period of benefit is generally five years based on evaluation of a number of factors, including customer attrition rates, weighted-average useful lives of our customer relationship and developed technology intangible assets, and market factors, including the overall competitive environment and technology life of competitors. Total amortization of contract costs for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $16.6 million, $12.5 million, and $8.0 million, respectively.

The Company periodically reviews these deferred contract costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could affect the period of benefit of these deferred contract costs. There were no impairment losses recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, or 2020.

Concentrations of Risk

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company had two distributors that each accounted for more than 10% of total net revenues. Total receivables related to these distributors were $29.3 million as of December 31, 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company had one distributor that accounted for more than 10% of total net revenues. Total receivables related to this distributor were $17.4 million as of December 31, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company had two distributors that each accounted for more than 10% of total net revenues. Total receivables related to these distributors were $19.8 million as of December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, these distributors accounted for 33% and 22%, respectively, of total receivables.

No single end customer accounted for more than 10% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. No single end customer accounted for more than 10% of total receivables as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The Company hosts our cloud service from third-party data center facilities operated by AWS from several global locations. The Company has internal procedures to restore services in the event of disaster at any of its current data center facilities. Even with these procedures for disaster recovery in place, the Company’s subscription services could be significantly interrupted during the time period following a disaster at one of its sites and the subsequent restoration of services at another site.

Research and development costs and software development costs

All research and development costs are expensed as incurred in accordance with ASC Topic 730, Research and Development. Software development costs required to be capitalized under ASC Topic 985-20, Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed, and under ASC Topic 350-40, Internal-Use Software, were not material for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Advertising costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and presented within sales and marketing in the consolidated statements of operations. Advertising costs were $22.7 million, $17.0 million, and $13.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Interest expense, net

For the year ended December 31, 2022, interest expense from debt financing of $3.5 million is partially offset by interest income from cash investments of $3.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2021, interest expense from debt financing was $2.5 million. For the year ended December 31, 2020, interest expense from debt financing of $10.8 million is partially offset by interest income from cash investments of $0.1 million.

Strategic investments

In the third quarter of 2022, the Company executed a $2.0 million convertible promissory note with SwiftConnect. The note contains customary terms for an instrument of its type, including repayment or conversion upon certain future liquidity events. The note matures on July 29, 2024, and the Company intends to hold the note until maturity, unless it is otherwise repaid or converted pursuant to its terms. The investment is recorded at cost and included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2022, the balance of the investment was $2.0 million. The Company evaluates its strategic investments quarterly for impairment. During the period ended December 31, 2022, there were no changes in the carrying value of the Company’s strategic investments. All gains and losses on the Company’s strategic investments, whether realized or unrealized, are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Adoption of new accounting pronouncements

Business Combinations — Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606. Generally, this new guidance will result in the acquirer recognizing contract assets and contract liabilities at the same amounts recorded by the acquiree. Historically, such amounts were recognized by the acquirer at fair value in accordance with acquisition accounting. The new guidance should be applied prospectively to acquisitions occurring on or after the effective date. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including in interim periods, for any financial statements that have not been issued. The Company early adopted the new standard on January 1, 2022. We applied the new guidance to acquisitions completed in 2022.

Condensed financial information (Parent Company only) - Condensed Balance Sheet (Additional Information) (Details) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jul. 24, 2020
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized ( in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	123,170,172	119,426,064
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	123,170,172	119,426,064
Jamf Holding Corp
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized ( in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	123,170,172	119,426,064
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	123,170,172	119,426,064

Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

The following table summarizes the balances and availability of our 2026 Notes and 2020 Revolving Credit Facility:


	Outstanding (1)				Unutilized Amount				Interest Rate		Maturity Date
	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2022	December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
2026 Notes	$	364,505	$	362,031	N/A		N/A		0.125%	0.125%	Sept. 1, 2026
2020 Revolving Credit Facility	1,037		1,037		$	148,963	$	148,963	1.25%	1.25%	July 27, 2025

(1) Represents the net carrying amount of our 2026 Notes and outstanding letters of credit under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility.

Convertible Senior Notes

On September 17, 2021, the Company issued $373.8 million aggregate principal amount of 0.125% 2026 Notes in a private offering. The 2026 Notes were issued pursuant to the 2026 Notes Indenture, dated September 17, 2021, among the Company, JAMF Software, LLC, as subsidiary guarantor, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2026 Notes are general senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and mature on September 1, 2026, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased. The 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 0.125% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on March 1st and September 1st of each year, beginning on March 1, 2022. The Company recorded the principal amount of the 2026 Notes, net of issuance costs, as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet in accordance with ASU 2020-06, which the Company early adopted on January 1, 2021.

The Company’s net proceeds from the offering were approximately $361.4 million after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions and the offering expenses paid by the Company. The Company used (i) approximately $250.0 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the 2026 Notes to repay the Company’s 2021 Term Loan Facility and to pay any associated prepayment penalties and accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repayment and (ii) approximately $36.0 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the 2026 Notes to fund the cost of entering into the Capped Calls, and will use the remainder of the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include working capital, capital expenditures, and potential acquisitions and strategic transactions.

The 2026 Notes are convertible at the option of the holders at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 1, 2026, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on December 31, 2021 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period in which the trading price (as defined in the 2026 Notes Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of the 2026 Notes for each trading day during the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate for the 2026 Notes on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls such 2026 Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date, but only with respect to the 2026 Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption; and (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events as set forth in the 2026 Notes Indenture. On or after March 1, 2026 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date (September 1, 2026), holders of the 2026 Notes may convert all or any portion of their 2026 Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion, the Company may satisfy its conversion obligation by paying or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of

the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election, in the manner and subject to the terms and conditions provided in the 2026 Notes Indenture. As of December 31, 2022, the conditions allowing holders of the 2026 Notes to convert were not met.

The initial conversion rate for the 2026 Notes is 20.0024 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $49.99 per share of common stock. The initial conversion price of the 2026 Notes represents a premium of approximately 40.0% to the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock on NASDAQ on September 14, 2021. The conversion rate for the 2026 Notes is subject to adjustment under certain circumstances in accordance with the terms of the 2026 Notes Indenture. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date of the 2026 Notes or if the Company delivers a notice of redemption in respect of the 2026 Notes, the Company will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate of the 2026 Notes for a holder who elects to convert its 2026 Notes (or any portion thereof) in connection with such a corporate event or convert its 2026 Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption during the related redemption period (as defined in the 2026 Notes Indenture), as the case may be.

The Company may not redeem the 2026 Notes prior to September 6, 2024. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2026 Notes, at its option, on or after September 6, 2024, if the last reported sale price of the common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price for the 2026 Notes then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to, but excluding, the redemption date. If the Company redeems less than all the outstanding 2026 Notes, at least $50.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2026 Notes must be outstanding and not subject to redemption as of the date of the relevant notice of redemption. No sinking fund is provided for the 2026 Notes.

If the Company undergoes a fundamental change (as defined in the 2026 Notes Indenture), holders may require, subject to certain conditions and exceptions, the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2026 Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The 2026 Notes Indenture includes customary covenants and sets forth certain events of default after which the 2026 Notes may be declared immediately due and payable and sets forth certain types of bankruptcy or insolvency events of default involving the Company or its significant subsidiaries after which the 2026 Notes become automatically due and payable.

The following table sets forth the interest expense related to the 2026 Notes for the periods presented:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Contractual interest expense	$	467	$	135
Amortization of issuance costs	2,474		711

In the third quarter of 2021, the Company recorded debt issuance costs of $12.4 million related to the issuance of the 2026 Notes as a reduction to the liability in the consolidated balance sheet. Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2026 Notes using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate on the 2026 Notes was 0.81% for both the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Capped Calls

On September 14, 2021, concurrently with the pricing of the 2026 Notes, and on September 17, 2021, concurrently with the initial purchasers’ exercise of their option to purchase additional 2026 Notes, the Company also entered into the Capped Calls with third-party banks. The Capped Calls each have an initial strike price of approximately $49.99 per share, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2026 Notes. The Capped Calls have initial cap prices of $71.42 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The Capped Calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 7.5 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The Capped Calls are generally intended to reduce or offset the potential dilution to the common stock upon any conversion of the 2026 Notes with such reduction or offset, as the case may be, subject to a cap based on the cap price. The Company paid approximately $36.0 million from the net proceeds from the issuance and sale of the 2026 Notes to purchase the Capped Calls and recorded the Capped Calls as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet. The Capped Calls are subject to either adjustment or

termination upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting the Company, including a merger event, a tender offer, and a nationalization, insolvency or delisting involving the Company. In addition, the Capped Calls are subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to terminations of the Capped Calls, including changes in law, failures to deliver, and hedging disruptions.

Credit Agreement

The 2020 Credit Agreement provides for the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility of $150.0 million, which may be increased or decreased under specific circumstances, with a $25.0 million letter of credit sublimit and a $50.0 million alternative currency sublimit. In addition, the 2020 Credit Agreement provides for the ability of the Company to request incremental term loan facilities, in a minimum amount of $5.0 million for each facility. The maturity date of the 2020 Credit Agreement is July 27, 2025. The 2020 Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants, reporting obligations, negative covenants, and events of default. We were in compliance with such covenants as of both December 31, 2022 and 2021. As of both December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had $1.0 million of letters of credit outstanding under our 2020 Revolving Credit Facility.

In connection with the closing of the Wandera acquisition on July 1, 2021, the Company entered into the Credit Agreement Amendment, which amended the Company’s 2020 Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement Amendment provided for the 2021 Term Loan Facility, a new 364-day term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $250.0 million on substantially the same terms and conditions as the Company’s existing 2020 Revolving Credit Facility. The Company repaid the principal amount of the 2021 Term Loan Facility on September 23, 2021 with proceeds from the issuance and sale of the 2026 Notes. The Company accounted for this transaction as a debt extinguishment and recorded debt extinguishment costs of $0.4 million for the write-off of remaining debt issuance costs.

In the third quarter of 2020, the Company recorded debt issuance costs of $1.3 million related to the 2020 Credit Agreement. In the second quarter of 2021, the Company recorded debt issuance costs of $0.7 million related to the Credit Agreement Amendment. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, debt issuance costs related to the 2020 Credit Agreement of $0.7 million and $0.9 million, respectively, are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

The interest rates applicable to revolving borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement are, at the Company’s option, either (i) a base rate, which is equal to the greater of (a) the Prime Rate, (b) the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.50%, and (c) the Adjusted LIBO Rate (subject to a floor) for a one month interest period (each term as defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement) plus 1.00%, or (ii) the Adjusted LIBO Rate (subject to a floor) equal to the LIBO Rate for the applicable interest period multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate, plus in the case of each of clauses (i) and (ii), the Applicable Rate. The Applicable Rate (i) for base rate loans range from 0.25% to 1.00% per annum and (ii) for LIBO Rate loans range from 1.25% to 2.00% per annum, in each case, based on the Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio (as such term is defined in the 2020 Credit Agreement). Base rate borrowings may only be made in dollars. The Company pays a commitment fee during the term of the 2020 Credit Agreement ranging from 0.20% to 0.35% per annum of the average daily undrawn portion of the revolving commitments based on the Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company accrued $0.3 million, $0.3 million, and $0.1 million, respectively, for the commitment fee.

On November 13, 2017, the Company entered into the 2017 Credit Agreement. The 2017 Credit Agreement provided for the 2017 Term Loan Facility of $175.0 million with a maturity date of November 13, 2022 and the 2017 Revolving Credit Facility of $15.0 million with a maturity date of November 13, 2022. On January 30, 2019, the Company entered into a First Amended Credit Agreement, which increased the 2017 Term Loan Facility to $205.0 million. The First Amended Credit Agreement provided for additional funding for the ZuluDesk acquisition. On April 13, 2019, the Company entered into a Second Amended Credit Agreement, which adjusted the rate for both the 2017 Term Loans and 2017 Credit Facilities. Upon the closing of our IPO, the Company repaid the 2017 Credit Agreement. See Note 1 for more information.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
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-Paragraph 1C
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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+ Details

Income taxes - Rate reconciliation (Details)	12 Months Ended
Income taxes - Rate reconciliation (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent [Abstract]
Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
State income tax benefit, net of federal tax effect	2.50%	3.10%	4.70%
Permanent differences	0.10%	0.00%	(0.70%)
Foreign rate differential	(0.60%)	(0.50%)	(0.50%)
Remeasurement gain/loss	0.00%	0.70%	(2.00%)
Tax credits	2.00%	2.30%	3.40%
Valuation allowance	(21.50%)	(24.40%)	(2.30%)
Stock-based compensation	(1.60%)	12.20%	6.90%
Transaction costs	(0.40%)	(0.80%)	(0.50%)
Deferred rate change	0.40%	0.90%	(1.00%)
Section 162(m)	(1.90%)	(9.40%)	0.00%
Foreign withholding taxes	(0.50%)	0.00%	0.00%
Other	1.10%	0.90%	0.20%
Effective tax rate	0.60%	6.00%	29.20%

Acquisitions - Wandera (Details) - USD ($)				2 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	5 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Acquisitions - Wandera (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 15, 2021	Oct. 01, 2021	Jul. 01, 2021	Dec. 15, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 15, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Acquisitions
Restricted cash included in other current assets					$ 0		$ 383,000	$ 0	$ 0
Decrease to goodwill							0	477,000	$ 0
Wandera Inc.
Acquisitions
Voting interest			100.00%
Payments to acquire businesses, gross	$ 25,000,000	$ 25,000,000	$ 359,300,000	$ 50,000,000		$ 409,300,000
Restricted cash included in other current assets			$ 700,000
Measurement period adjustment, other current assets					400,000
Measurement period adjustment, deferred tax asset					100,000
Decrease to goodwill					$ 500,000
Goodwill deductible for income tax purposes							$ 0
Weighted-average economic life of intangible assets acquired			7 years 9 months 18 days
Revenues								10,600,000
Business combination, pro forma information, loss of acquiree since acquisition date, actual								11,300,000
Acquisition-related expenses								$ 6,252,000

Share-based compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of stock based compensation

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense for all equity arrangements as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue:
Subscription	$	8,854	$	3,755	$	732
Services	1,299		594		139
Sales and marketing	33,559		10,938		1,748
Research and development	24,392		10,512		1,533
General and administrative	41,066		10,006		2,591
	$	109,170	$	35,805	$	6,743

Summary of stock-option activity

The table below summarizes return target option activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:


	Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	3,687,664	$	6.75	6.8	$	115,278
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(414,744)	6.75
Forfeitures	—	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	3,272,920	$	6.75	5.8	$	47,623
Options exercisable at December 31, 2022	3,272,920	$	6.75	5.8	$	47,623
Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2022	3,272,920	$	6.75	5.8	$	47,623

The table below summarizes the service-based option activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:


	Options	Weighted‑ Average Exercise Price		Weighted‑ Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	1,643,266	$	5.68	6.1	$	53,129
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(427,444)	5.62
Forfeitures	—	—
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	1,215,822	$	5.70	5.1	$	18,968
Options exercisable at December 31, 2022	1,162,656	$	5.58	5.0	$	18,272
Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2022	1,215,822	$	5.70	5.1	$	18,968

Summary of restricted stock units activity

RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2022 was as follows:


	Units	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share)
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	6,890,938	$	31.59
Granted	4,065,117	27.50
Vested	(1,895,620)	31.88
Forfeited	(643,078)	30.67
Outstanding, December 31, 2022	8,417,357	$	29.61

Schedule of share-based payment award, employee stock purchase plan, valuation assumptions

The Company used the following assumptions in the Black-Scholes option pricing model:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022	2021
Expected term	0.5 years	0.5 years
Expected volatility	60.05% - 64.90%	40.31%
Risk-free interest rate	1.49% - 4.58%	0.06%
Expected dividend yield	—%	—%

Share-based compensation - Return target options activity (Details) - Employee Stock Option, Target-Based - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Options (in shares)
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	3,687,664
Granted (in shares)	0	0	0
Exercised (in shares)	(414,744)	0	0
Forfeitures (in shares)	0
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	3,272,920	3,687,664
Options, exercisable (in shares)	3,272,920
Vested or expected to vest (in shares)	3,272,920
Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 6.75
Granted (in dollars per share)	0
Exercised (in dollars per share)	6.75
Forfeitures (in dollars per share)	0
Outstanding, ending balance (in dollars per share)	6.75	$ 6.75
Options, exercisable (in dollars per share)	6.75
Vested or expected to vest (in dollars per share)	$ 6.75
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Remaining term, options outstanding	5 years 9 months 18 days	6 years 9 months 18 days
Remaining term, options exercisable	5 years 9 months 18 days
Remaining term, options vested or expected to vest	5 years 9 months 18 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Options outstanding, beginning	$ 115,278
Options outstanding, ending	47,623	$ 115,278
Options exercisable	47,623
Options vested or expected to vest	$ 47,623

Share-based compensation - Long-Term Incentive Plan (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense		$ 109,170	$ 35,805	$ 6,743
Unvested restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	413,234	4,065,117
Share-based compensation expense		$ 4,500	$ 9,800
Unvested restricted stock units \| Tranche One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage that vest	50.00%
Unvested restricted stock units \| Return target options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage that vest	50.00%
Vesting period	1 year

Share-based compensation - Restricted stock units (Details) - Unvested restricted stock units - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Restricted stock (in units)
Outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)		6,890,938
Granted (in shares)	413,234	4,065,117
Vested (in shares)		(1,895,620)
Forfeited (in shares)		(643,078)
Outstanding, end of period (in shares)		8,417,357	6,890,938
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share)
Outstanding, beginning of period (in dollars per share)		$ 31.59
Granted (in dollars per share)		27.50	$ 32.51	$ 26.33
Vested (in dollars per share)		31.88
Forfeited (in dollars per share)		30.67
Outstanding, end of period (in dollars per share)		$ 29.61	$ 31.59
Unrecognized compensation expense, RSUs		$ 216.1
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation expense would be recognized		2 years 10 months 24 days
Fair value of RSUs vested		$ 60.4	$ 16.2	$ 0.5
Omnibus Incentive Plan 2020
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share)
Vesting period		4 years
Tranche One
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share)
Percentage that vest	50.00%
Tranche One \| Stock Option Plan 2017
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share)
Vesting period		1 year
Percentage that vest		100.00%

Income taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of income before income tax, domestic and foreign

The domestic and foreign components of loss before income tax benefit were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Domestic	$	(123,521)	$	(71,537)	$	(34,829)
Foreign	(18,693)		(8,441)		792
Loss before income tax benefit	$	(142,214)	$	(79,978)	$	(34,037)

Schedule of income tax provision (benefit)

The components of income tax expense (benefit) attributable to continuing operations were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Current:
Federal	$	(6)	$	—	$	(551)
State	154		217		(73)
Foreign	1,894		638		987
Total current expense	2,042		855		363
Deferred:
Federal	(268)		(487)		(10,657)
State	(170)		(1,145)		(1,173)
Foreign	(2,517)		(4,012)		1,512
Total deferred benefit	(2,955)		(5,644)		(10,318)
Total income tax benefit	$	(913)	$	(4,789)	$	(9,955)

Schedule of income tax rate reconciliation

The income tax benefit differs from the amount of income tax benefit determined by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to pretax loss due to the following:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State income tax benefit, net of federal tax effect	2.5		3.1		4.7
Permanent differences	0.1		—		(0.7)
Foreign rate differential	(0.6)		(0.5)		(0.5)
Remeasurement gain/loss	—		0.7		(2.0)
Tax credits	2.0		2.3		3.4
Valuation allowance	(21.5)		(24.4)		(2.3)
Stock-based compensation	(1.6)		12.2		6.9
Transaction costs	(0.4)		(0.8)		(0.5)
Deferred rate change	0.4		0.9		(1.0)
Section 162(m)	(1.9)		(9.4)		—
Foreign withholding taxes	(0.5)		—		—
Other	1.1		0.9		0.2
Effective tax rate	0.6	%	6.0	%	29.2	%

Schedule of components of net deferred tax assets and liabilities

Significant components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows:


	December 31,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued compensation	$	3,821	$	4,529
Deferred revenue	12,883		8,331
Section 174 capitalization	9,540		—
Stock-based compensation	14,960		5,026
Federal tax credits	8,949		6,668
Foreign withholding taxes	2,782		—
Net operating losses	50,794		46,173
State tax credits	2,495		2,086
Business interest limitation	10,054		10,450
Operating lease liabilities	4,347		4,848
2026 Notes	6,627		8,304
Other	3,842		3,267
Gross deferred tax assets	131,094		99,682
Valuation allowance	(63,541)		(31,512)
Total deferred tax assets	67,553		68,170
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred contract costs	(14,170)		(10,491)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(3,520)		(4,047)
Intangibles and other	(50,578)		(59,670)
Other	(300)		(1,191)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(68,568)		(75,399)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(1,015)	$	(7,229)

The components giving rise to the net deferred tax liabilities detailed above have been included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:


	December 31,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Non-current deferred tax assets (1)	$	4,490	$	1,471
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	(5,505)		(8,700)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(1,015)	$	(7,229)

(1) Included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Schedule of unrecognized tax benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Balance, January 1	$	1,003	$	670	$	540
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	230		161		130
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years	39		172		—
Balance, December 31	$	1,272	$	1,003	$	670

Leases - Supplemental balance sheet information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets
Operating lease assets	$ 23,828	$ 21,600
Operating lease, right-of-use asset, statement of financial position	Other assets	Other assets
Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities - current	$ 6,539	$ 5,251
Operating lease liabilities - non-current	21,895	20,086
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 28,434	$ 25,337
Operating lease, liability, current, statement of financial position	Accrued liabilities	Accrued liabilities
Operating lease, liability, noncurrent, statement of financial position	Other liabilities	Other liabilities

Leases - Components of lease expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 6,882	$ 5,935	$ 5,000
Short-term lease cost	281	272
Variable lease cost	2,442	1,943
Total lease expense	$ 9,605	$ 8,150

Goodwill and other intangible assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of changes in carrying amount of goodwill

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill was as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Goodwill, beginning of period	$	845,734	$	541,480	$	539,818
Goodwill acquired	38,133		311,203		1,662
Measurement period adjustments (1)	—		(477)		—
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(26,942)		(6,472)		—
Goodwill, end of period	$	856,925	$	845,734	$	541,480

(1) Represents the measurement period adjustments related to the Wandera acquisition. See Note 5 for more information.

Schedule of gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets other than goodwill

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets other than goodwill were as follows:


	December 31, 2022
	Useful Life	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Weighted‑ Average Remaining Useful Life
	(in thousands)
Trademarks	3 - 8 years	$	34,649	$	22,200	$	12,449	2.8 years
Customer relationships	2 ‑ 12 years	249,659		96,973		152,686		7.2 years
Developed technology	5 - 6.5 years	116,881		66,373		50,508		4.7 years
Non‑competes	2 - 3 years	2,864		1,066		1,798		2.3 years
Order backlog	2.5 years	3,518		2,215		1,303		1.0 year
Total intangible assets		$	407,571	$	188,827	$	218,744


	December 31, 2021
	Useful Life	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Weighted‑ Average Remaining Useful Life
	(in thousands)
Trademarks	3 - 8 years	$	34,690	$	17,788	$	16,902	3.8 years
Customer relationships	2 ‑ 12 years	249,495		75,600		173,895		8.3 years
Developed technology	5 - 6.5 years	116,193		47,142		69,051		5.1 years
Non‑competes	2 - 2.5 years	1,797		439		1,358		2.0 years
Order backlog	2.5 years	3,745		758		2,987		2.0 years
Total intangible assets subject to amortization		405,920		141,727		264,193
IPR&D	Indefinite	400		—		400
Total intangible assets		$	406,320	$	141,727	$	264,593

Schedule of future estimated amortization expense

Future estimated amortization expense as of December 31, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):


Years ending December 31:
2023	$	40,059
2024	36,878
2025	35,701
2026	31,000
2027	29,624
Thereafter	45,482
Total amortization expense	$	218,744

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of goodwill by reportable segment and in total which includes a rollforward schedule.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (h)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=d3e13816-109267

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=d3e13816-109267

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (g)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=d3e13816-109267

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=d3e13816-109267

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (e)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=d3e13816-109267

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=d3e13816-109267

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1A
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=SL108378252-109267

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=d3e13816-109267

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=d3e13816-109267

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=d3e13854-109267

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
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-Paragraph 24
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122137925&loc=d3e14258-109268

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=d3e13816-109267

+ Details

Debt - Schedule of interest expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amortization of issuance costs	$ 2,722	$ 1,251	$ 773
Convertible Debt \| Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual interest expense	467	135
Amortization of issuance costs	$ 2,474	$ 711

Financial instruments fair value - Fair value measurements of other financial instruments (Details) - Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 - Convertible Debt - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Net Carrying Value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
2026 Notes	$ 364,505	$ 362,031
Estimated Fair Value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
2026 Notes	$ 308,504	$ 398,044

Equipment and leasehold improvements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Equipment and leasehold improvements

Equipment and leasehold improvements were as follows:


	December 31,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Computers	$	18,191	$	14,629
Software	2,168		1,182
Furniture/fixtures	5,162		4,394
Leasehold improvements	13,769		11,123
Capital in progress	1,558		3,003
Equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	40,848		34,331
Less: accumulated depreciation	(21,427)		(16,286)
Equipment and leasehold improvements, net	$	19,421	$	18,045

Depreciation expense was $6.7 million, $5.8 million, and $5.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	IPO	Private Placement	Common Stock	Common Stock IPO	Common Stock Private Placement	Additional Paid‑In Capital	Additional Paid‑In Capital IPO	Additional Paid‑In Capital Private Placement	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Accumulated Deficit
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019				102,843,612
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 500,722			$ 103			$ 568,756			$ 0	$ (68,137)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)					13,500,000	85,880
Issuance of common stock		$ 322,413	$ 2,233		$ 14			$ 322,399	$ 2,233
Exercise of stock options (in shares)				526,460
Exercise of stock options	2,985						2,985
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)				36,520
Issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan	0
Share‑based compensation	6,743						6,743
Foreign currency translation adjustment	0
Net loss	(24,082)										(24,082)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020				116,992,472
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2020	811,014			$ 117			903,116			0	(92,219)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of stock options (in shares)				1,903,560
Exercise of stock options	10,691			$ 1			10,690
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)				530,032
Vesting of restricted stock units	1			$ 1
Issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan	0
Share‑based compensation	35,805						35,805
Purchase of capped calls	(36,030)						(36,030)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(7,866)									(7,866)
Net loss	(75,189)										(75,189)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021				119,426,064
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021	738,426			$ 119			913,581			(7,866)	(167,408)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of stock options (in shares)				842,188
Exercise of stock options	5,203			$ 1			5,202
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)				1,895,620
Vesting of restricted stock units	2			$ 2
Issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan (in shares)				295,189
Issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan	6,840						6,840
Issuance of common stock in connection with business combination (in shares)				711,111
Issuance of common stock in connection with business combination	15,083			$ 1			15,082
Share‑based compensation	109,170						109,170
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(32,085)									(32,085)
Net loss	(141,301)										(141,301)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022				123,170,172
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 701,338			$ 123			$ 1,049,875			$ (39,951)	$ (308,709)

Basis of presentation and description of business - IPO (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 24, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Acquisitions
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions			$ 0	$ 0	$ 326,316
Offering costs			$ 104	$ 543	7,256
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000		500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001		$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized ( in shares)	50,000,000		50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001		$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Repayment of debt	$ 205,000
Accrued interest paid	3,400
Prepayment penalty	2,000
Write-off of debt issuance cost	$ 3,200
Loss on extinguishment of debt		$ 5,200	$ 0	$ 449	5,213
IPO
Acquisitions
Issuance of common stock (in shares)	13,500,000
Offering price (in dollars per share)	$ 26.00
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions	$ 319,000
Underwriting discount and commissions	24,700
Offering costs	$ 7,300
Issuance of common stock					322,413
Private Placement
Acquisitions
Issuance of common stock (in shares)	85,880
Offering price (in dollars per share)	$ 26.00
Offering costs			$ 100	$ 600	700
Issuance of common stock	$ 2,200				$ 2,233

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 224,338	$ 177,150
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances of $445 and $391 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively	88,163	79,143
Income taxes receivable	465	608
Deferred contract costs	17,652	12,904
Prepaid expenses	14,331	17,581
Other current assets	6,097	4,212
Total current assets	351,046	291,598
Equipment and leasehold improvements, net	19,421	18,045
Goodwill	856,925	845,734
Other intangible assets, net	218,744	264,593
Deferred contract costs, non-current	39,643	29,842
Other assets	43,763	30,608
Total assets	1,529,542	1,480,420
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	15,393	9,306
Accrued liabilities	67,051	54,022
Income taxes payable	486	167
Deferred revenues	278,038	223,031
Total current liabilities	360,968	286,526
Deferred revenues, non-current	68,112	59,097
Deferred tax liability, net	5,505	8,700
Convertible senior notes, net	364,505	362,031
Other liabilities	29,114	25,640
Total liabilities	828,204	741,994
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and 2021; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021	0	0
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and 2021; 123,170,172 and 119,426,064 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively	123	119
Additional paid‑in capital	1,049,875	913,581
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(39,951)	(7,866)
Accumulated deficit	(308,709)	(167,408)
Total stockholders’ equity	701,338	738,426
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 1,529,542	$ 1,480,420

Condensed financial information (Parent Company only) - Condensed Statement of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 478,776	$ 366,388	$ 269,132
Operating expenses	498,423	352,233	225,576
Loss from operations	(138,874)	(76,202)	(17,452)
Other income, net	0	0	91
Loss before income tax benefit	(142,214)	(79,978)	(34,037)
Income tax benefit	(913)	(4,789)	(9,955)
Net loss	(141,301)	(75,189)	(24,082)
Jamf Holding Corp
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0	0
Operating expenses	0	0	0
Loss from operations	0	0	0
Other income, net	0	0	0
Loss before income tax benefit	0	0	0
Income tax benefit	0	0	0
Equity in net loss of subsidiaries	(141,301)	(75,189)	(24,082)
Net loss	$ (141,301)	$ (75,189)	$ (24,082)

Related party transactions	12 Months Ended
Related party transactions	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related-party transactions	Related party transactions The Company made pledges to the JNGF of $1.1 million, $1.2 million, and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company accrued $1.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively, related to JNGF pledges, which are included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has an ongoing lease agreement for office space in Eau Claire, Wisconsin with an entity in which a related party is a minority owner. See Note 7 for further discussion of this lease agreement. The Company may engage in transactions in the ordinary course of business with significant shareholders or other companies whose directors or officers may also serve as directors or officers for the Company. The Company carries out these transactions on customary terms. Vista is a U.S.-based investment firm that controls the funds which previously owned a majority of the Company. In 2021, Vista sold a portion of its investment in the Company such that its funds no longer owned a majority of the Company as of December 31, 2022. However, Vista is deemed a related party in accordance with ASC 850 as it continues to be a principal owner of the Company. Except as discussed below, there were no material transactions with Vista or its affiliates during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, affiliates of Vista were paid $2.1 million in interest on the portion of the 2017 Term Loan Facility held by them.

Summary of significant accounting policies - Stock split, Offering costs (Details) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 10, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Jul. 24, 2020 USD ($)
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Stock split ratio	110
Deferred offering costs					$ 7,300
Offering costs		$ 104	$ 543	$ 7,256
Private Placement
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Offering costs		$ 100	$ 600	$ 700

Basis of presentation and description of business

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of presentation and description of business

Description of business

Jamf Holding Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, collectively, are referred to as the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our.” We are the standard in managing and securing Apple at work, and we are the only company in the world that provides a complete management and security solution for an Apple-first environment that is designed to be enterprise secure, consumer simple, and protective of personal privacy. We help IT and security teams confidently protect the devices, data, and applications used by their workforce, while providing employees with consumer-simple, privacy-protecting technology. With Jamf’s software, devices can be deployed to employees brand new in the shrink-wrapped box, set up automatically and personalized at first power-on and administered continuously throughout the lifecycle of the device. Our customers are located throughout the world.

Initial public offering

On July 24, 2020, the Company closed its IPO through which it issued and sold 13,500,000 shares of common stock at the IPO Price of $26.00 per share. In connection with the IPO, the Company raised approximately $319.0 million after deducting the underwriting discount and commissions of $24.7 million and offering expenses of $7.3 million. Upon completion of the IPO, authorized capital stock consisted of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 50,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share.

Concurrently with the Company’s IPO, the Company issued and sold 85,880 shares of its common stock in a private placement to certain of its named executive officers, certain of its other employees, and its independent directors at the IPO Price of $26.00 per share for aggregate consideration of approximately $2.2 million.

Upon closing of the IPO, the Company repaid $205.0 million of the principal amount of the 2017 Term Loan Facility and paid $3.4 million of accrued interest and $2.0 million of prepayment penalty. The Company also wrote off $3.2 million of remaining debt issuance costs upon repayment of the debt. The Company recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $5.2 million for the prepayment penalty and write off of debt issuance costs in the third quarter of 2020.

Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements, which include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the reporting date, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that the Company may undertake in the future and include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, commissions, the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, useful lives for finite-lived assets, recoverability of long-lived assets, the value of ROU assets and lease liabilities, allowance for expected credit losses, commitments and contingencies, and accounting for income taxes and related valuation allowances against deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment and geographic information

Our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance, and allocating resources. We operate our business as one operating segment and therefore we have one reportable segment.

Revenues by geographic region as determined based on the location where the sale originated were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021 (1)		2020 (1)
	(in thousands)
The Americas (2)	$	330,704	$	261,516	$	202,737
Europe, the Middle East, India, and Africa	113,861		79,918		50,534
Asia Pacific	34,211		24,954		15,861
	$	478,776	$	366,388	$	269,132

(2) The vast majority of our Americas revenues comes from the U.S.

Long-lived assets, which include equipment and leasehold improvements, net and operating lease ROU assets for purposes of this disclosure, by geographic region were as follows:


	December 31,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
The Americas	$	28,087	$	30,459
Europe, the Middle East, India, and Africa	4,904		6,839
Asia Pacific	10,258		2,347
	$	43,249	$	39,645

The U.S. held 65% and 77% of the total long-lived assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Financial instruments fair value - Fair value of financial instruments (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalents	$ 132,306	$ 146,037
Total contingent consideration	6,206	10,100
Accrued liabilities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total contingent consideration	6,206	4,588
Other liabilities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total contingent consideration		5,512
Level 1
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalents	132,306	146,037
Total contingent consideration	0	0
Level 1 \| Accrued liabilities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total contingent consideration	0	0
Level 1 \| Other liabilities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total contingent consideration		0
Level 2
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalents	0	0
Total contingent consideration	0	0
Level 2 \| Accrued liabilities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total contingent consideration	0	0
Level 2 \| Other liabilities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total contingent consideration		0
Level 3
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalents	0	0
Total contingent consideration	6,206	10,100
Level 3 \| Accrued liabilities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total contingent consideration	6,206	4,588
Level 3 \| Other liabilities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total contingent consideration		5,512
Money market funds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalents	132,306	146,037
Money market funds \| Level 1
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalents	132,306	146,037
Money market funds \| Level 2
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalents	0	0
Money market funds \| Level 3
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total cash equivalents	$ 0	$ 0

Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2022	Feb. 15, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-39399
Entity Registrant Name	JAMF HOLDING CORP.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	82-3031543
Entity Address, Address Line One	100 Washington Ave S,
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 1100
Entity Address, City or Town	Minneapolis
Entity Address, State or Province	MN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	55401
City Area Code	612
Local Phone Number	605-6625
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	JAMF
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 1.6
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		123,404,145
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement relating to the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Central Index Key	0001721947
Amendment Flag	false

Acquisitions - ZecOps (Details) - ZecOps - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
Acquisitions - ZecOps (Details) - ZecOps - USD ($)	Nov. 16, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Acquisitions
Voting interest	100.00%
Aggregate purchase price	$ 44,300,000
Payments to acquire businesses, gross	28,200,000
Equity consideration	15,100,000
Business acquisition, repayment of investment	1,000,000
Business acquisition, escrow fund as partial security for post-closing true-up adjustments	300,000
Business acquisition, escrow fund as partial security for post-closing indemnification claims	$ 7,200,000
Business acquisition, existing escrow amount, percentage	50.00%
Business acquisition, existing escrow amount, period	18 months
Business acquisition, equity interest issued or issuable, number of shares (in shares)	711,111	710,691
Equity consideration value	$ 19,200,000
Business acquisition, share price (in dollars per share)	$ 27.00
Number of shares issued in reserve account		420
Acquisition-related expenses		$ 2,400,000
Goodwill deductible for income tax purposes	$ 0
Weighted-average economic life of intangible assets acquired	4 years 8 months 12 days

Condensed financial information (Parent Company only) - Condensed Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Net loss	$ (141,301)	$ (75,189)	$ (24,082)
Other comprehensive loss:
Subsidiaries’ other comprehensive loss	(32,085)	(7,866)	0
Total other comprehensive loss	(32,085)	(7,866)	0
Comprehensive loss	(173,386)	(83,055)	(24,082)
Jamf Holding Corp
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Net loss	(141,301)	(75,189)	(24,082)
Other comprehensive loss:
Subsidiaries’ other comprehensive loss	(32,085)	(7,866)	0
Total other comprehensive loss	(32,085)	(7,866)	0
Comprehensive loss	$ (173,386)	$ (83,055)	$ (24,082)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

+ Details

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 478,776	$ 366,388	$ 269,132
Cost of revenue:
Amortization expense	19,932	16,018	10,753
Total cost of revenue	119,227	90,357	61,008
Gross profit	359,549	276,031	208,124
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	217,728	148,192	98,885
Research and development	119,906	82,541	52,513
General and administrative	132,562	96,206	51,603
Amortization expense	28,227	25,294	22,575
Total operating expenses	498,423	352,233	225,576
Loss from operations	(138,874)	(76,202)	(17,452)
Interest expense, net	(538)	(2,478)	(10,741)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	(449)	(5,213)
Foreign currency transaction loss	(2,802)	(849)	(722)
Other income, net	0	0	91
Loss before income tax benefit	(142,214)	(79,978)	(34,037)
Income tax benefit	913	4,789	9,955
Net loss	$ (141,301)	$ (75,189)	$ (24,082)
Net loss per share, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.64)	$ (0.22)
Net loss per share, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1.17)	$ (0.64)	$ (0.22)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share, basic (in shares)	120,720,972	118,276,462	108,908,597
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share, diluted (in shares)	120,720,972	118,276,462	108,908,597
Subscription
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 455,007	$ 344,243	$ 248,879
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	85,479	63,441	39,529
Services
Revenue:
Total revenue	19,025	16,122	14,519
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	13,816	10,898	10,726
License
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 4,744	$ 6,023	$ 5,734

Summary of significant accounting policies - Disaggregation of revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 478,776	$ 366,388	$ 269,132
SaaS subscription and support and maintenance \| Recurring Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	430,613	313,950	223,655
On‑premise subscription \| Recurring Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	24,394	30,293	25,224
Subscription revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	455,007	344,243	248,879
Subscription revenue \| Recurring Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	455,007	344,243	248,879
Professional services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	19,025	16,122	14,519
Professional services \| Non-recurring Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	19,025	16,122	14,519
Perpetual licenses
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	4,744	6,023	5,734
Perpetual licenses \| Non-recurring Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	4,744	6,023	5,734
Non‑subscription revenue \| Non-recurring Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 23,769	$ 22,145	$ 20,253
Minimum \| Professional services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Service performance period	1 day
Maximum \| Professional services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Service performance period	2 days

Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of presentation

Basis of presentation and principles of consolidationThe consolidated financial statements, which include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Principles of consolidation

principles of consolidationAll intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of estimates

Segment and geographic information

Net loss per share of common stock

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade accounts receivable, net

Credit is extended to customers in the normal course of business. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowances.

Equipment and leasehold improvements, net

Equipment and leasehold improvements, net are tested for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.

Business combinations

Goodwill

Other intangibles with finite lives, net

Other intangibles, net

recorded is calculated by the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value.

Other intangibles with indefinite lives, net

Foreign currencyOur reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our foreign operations, except for Jamf Ltd. and its subsidiaries, is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of Jamf Ltd. and its subsidiaries is the GBP. The assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses of our foreign operations are remeasured in accordance with ASC 830. Remeasurement adjustments are recorded as foreign currency transaction gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of operations. Assets and liabilities of Jamf Ltd. and its subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars based upon exchange rates prevailing at the end of each period. Revenues and expenses of Jamf Ltd. and its subsidiaries are translated at weighted-average exchange rates on a monthly basis. The resulting translation adjustment is included in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Stock-based compensation

The Company used the following assumptions in the Modified Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of return target options modified during the year ended December 31, 2020:


Expected life of options			1.5 years
Expected volatility			55%
Risk-free interest rates			0.16%
Expected dividend yield			—%
Weighted-average grant-date fair value			$8.95

The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the use of subjective assumptions as inputs. These assumptions include the following:

•Expected Dividend — The Company uses an expected dividend yield of zero as we do not currently pay dividends and have no plans to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

Income taxes

Revenue recognition

The Company applies ASC 606 and follows a five-step model to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized in accordance with ASC 606:

•Identify the contract with a customer

•Identify the performance obligations in the contract

•Determine the transaction price

•Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

•Recognize revenue when or as performance obligations are satisfied

Nature of Products and Services

Transaction Price

Significant Judgments

Disaggregation of Revenue


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
SaaS subscription and support and maintenance	$	430,613	$	313,950	$	223,655
On‑premise subscription	24,394		30,293		25,224
Subscription revenue	455,007		344,243		248,879
Professional services	19,025		16,122		14,519
Perpetual licenses	4,744		6,023		5,734
Non‑subscription revenue	23,769		22,145		20,253
Total revenue	$	478,776	$	366,388	$	269,132

Contract Balances


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of the period	$	1,792	$	947	$	499
Balance, end of the period	817		1,792		947
Change	$	(975)	$	845	$	448

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the allowance for expected credit losses associated with contract assets was not material.

Changes in contract liabilities, including revenue earned during the period from the beginning contract liability balance and new deferrals of revenue during the period, were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of the period	$	282,128	$	205,509	$	140,449
Acquisitions	1,014		5,200		—
Revenue earned	(222,964)		(160,002)		(127,915)
Deferral of revenue	287,608		231,421		192,975
Other (1)	(1,636)		—		—
Balance, end of the period	$	346,150	$	282,128	$	205,509

(1) Includes contract assets netted against contract liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis.

There were no significant changes to our contract assets and liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 outside of our sales activities.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Deferred Contract Costs

Concentrations of risk

Concentrations of Risk

Research and development costs and software development costs

Advertising costs

Advertising costsAdvertising costs are expensed as incurred and presented within sales and marketing in the consolidated statements of operations.

Adoption of new accounting pronouncements

Business Combinations — Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

Equipment and leasehold improvements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	$ 40,848	$ 34,331
Less: accumulated depreciation	(21,427)	(16,286)
Equipment and leasehold improvements, net	19,421	18,045
Depreciation expense	6,700	5,800	$ 5,200
Computers
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	18,191	14,629
Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	2,168	1,182
Furniture/fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	5,162	4,394
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	13,769	11,123
Capital in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	$ 1,558	$ 3,003

Goodwill and other intangible assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 01, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Foreign currency translation adjustment		$ (11,000,000.0)	$ (2,100,000)
Accumulated amortization, cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment		(1,000,000.0)	0
Amortization expense		48,200,000	41,300,000	$ 33,300,000
Goodwill, impairment loss	$ 0	0	0	0
Impairment of intangible assets		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Condensed financial information (Parent Company only) - Condensed Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 231,921	$ 177,150	$ 194,868	$ 32,375
Total current assets	351,046	291,598
Total assets	1,529,542	1,480,420
Current liabilities:
Current liabilities	360,968	286,526
Total current liabilities	360,968	286,526
Other liabilities	29,114	25,640
Total liabilities	828,204	741,994
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and 2021; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021	0	0
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and 2021; 123,170,172 and 119,426,064 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively	123	119
Additional paid‑in capital	1,049,875	913,581
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(39,951)	(7,866)
Accumulated deficit	(308,709)	(167,408)
Total stockholders’ equity	701,338	738,426	$ 811,014	$ 500,722
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	1,529,542	1,480,420
Jamf Holding Corp
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Total current assets	0	0
Investment in subsidiaries	701,338	738,426
Total assets	701,338	738,426
Current liabilities:
Current liabilities	0	0
Total current liabilities	0	0
Other liabilities	0	0
Total liabilities	0	0
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and 2021; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021	0	0
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2022 and 2021; 123,170,172 and 119,426,064 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively	123	119
Additional paid‑in capital	1,049,875	913,581
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(39,951)	(7,866)
Accumulated deficit	(308,709)	(167,408)
Total stockholders’ equity	701,338	738,426
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 701,338	$ 738,426

Acquisitions - Other (Details)	3 Months Ended
Acquisitions - Other (Details)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) acquistion	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Acquisitions
Goodwill		$ 856,925,000	$ 845,734,000	$ 541,480,000	$ 539,818,000
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions
Acquisitions
Number of businesses acquired \| acquistion	2
Payments to acquire businesses, gross	$ 4,000,000
Other current assets	100,000
Goodwill	3,000,000
Goodwill deductible for income tax purposes	0
Acquisition-related expenses	400,000
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions \| Developed technology
Acquisitions
Estimated fair value of the acquired finite lived intangibles	$ 900,000
Weighted-average economic life of intangible assets acquired	5 years

Income taxes - Schedule of income before income tax (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Domestic	$ (123,521)	$ (71,537)	$ (34,829)
Foreign	(18,693)	(8,441)	792
Loss before income tax benefit	$ (142,214)	$ (79,978)	$ (34,037)

- Definition

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8906-108599

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (f)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 940
-SubTopic 20
-Section 25
-Paragraph 1
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126941158&loc=d3e41242-110953

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227

Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 220
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(8))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120400993&loc=SL114874131-224263

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 235
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399901&loc=d3e537907-122884

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 31
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8924-108599

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 220
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399700&loc=SL114874048-224260

+ Details

Share-based compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)			12 Months Ended
	Jun. 24, 2022	Jul. 21, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Jan. 01, 2022	Nov. 13, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Tax benefit related to stock-based compensation			$ 10,100,000	$ 12,800,000	$ 3,800,000
Share-based compensation expense			$ 109,170,000	$ 35,805,000	$ 6,743,000
Employee Stock Option, Target-Based
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares granted (in shares)			0	0	0
Share-based compensation expense	$ 33,000,000
Unrecognized compensation expense			$ 0
Total fair value, options vested in period			33,000,000
Options exercised (in shares)			$ 7,900,000
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, exercises in period			414,744	0	0
Number of options vested (in shares)				0	0
Omnibus Incentive Plan 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized for issuance (in shares)		14,800,000				24,256,740
Share based compensation, number of shares reserved for issuance, period of increases		10 years
Share based compensation, increase in shares reserved for issuance, minimum percentage increase		4.00%
Common stock reserved for additional grants under the plan (in shares)			13,413,731
Stock Option Plan 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized for issuance (in shares)							8,470,000
Common stock reserved for additional grants under the plan (in shares)			128,928

Acquisitions - Schedule of wandera acquisitions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 16, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jul. 01, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Acquisitions
Other current assets		$ 2,260
Goodwill	$ 856,925		$ 845,734		$ 541,480	$ 539,818
Wandera Inc.
Acquisitions
Cash and cash equivalents				$ 9,605
Trade accounts receivable, net				3,882
Prepaid expenses				900
Other current assets				426
Equipment and leasehold improvements, net				58
Intangible assets acquired				102,050
Operating lease assets				1,474
Deferred tax asset				918
Accounts payable				(788)
Accrued liabilities				(3,464)
Income taxes payable				(94)
Deferred revenue				(5,200)
Operating lease liabilities				(1,474)
Deferred tax liability				(9,374)
Goodwill				310,356
Total purchase consideration				$ 409,275

Acquisitions - Acquired intangible assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Nov. 16, 2022	Jul. 01, 2021
ZecOps
Acquisitions
Useful Life	4 years 8 months 12 days
Gross Value	$ 9,500
ZecOps \| Developed technology
Acquisitions
Useful Life	5 years
Gross Value	$ 5,900
ZecOps \| Customer relationships
Acquisitions
Useful Life	5 years
Gross Value	$ 2,300
ZecOps \| Non-competes
Acquisitions
Useful Life	3 years
Gross Value	$ 1,300
Wandera Inc.
Acquisitions
Useful Life		7 years 9 months 18 days
Gross Value		$ 102,050
Wandera Inc. \| Developed technology
Acquisitions
Useful Life		6 years 6 months
Gross Value		$ 60,500
Wandera Inc. \| Customer relationships
Acquisitions
Useful Life		11 years
Gross Value		$ 35,600
Wandera Inc. \| Order backlog
Acquisitions
Useful Life		2 years 6 months
Gross Value		$ 3,800
Wandera Inc. \| Non-competes
Acquisitions
Useful Life		2 years 6 months
Gross Value		$ 1,750
Wandera Inc. \| Trademarks
Acquisitions
Useful Life		3 years
Gross Value		$ 400

Summary of significant accounting policies - Stock-based compensation (Details) - Employee Stock Option, Target-Based	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 $ / shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected life of options	1 year 6 months
Expected volatility	55.00%
Risk-free interest rates	0.16%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%
Weighted-average grant-date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 8.95

Net loss per share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of computation of basic and diluted net loss per share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(141,301)	$	(75,189)	$	(24,082)
Denominator:
Weighted‑average shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	120,720,972		118,276,462		108,908,597
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(1.17)	$	(0.64)	$	(0.22)

Schedule of potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding because such securities have an antidilutive impact due to losses reported:


	As of December 31,
	2022	2021	2020
Stock options outstanding	4,488,742	5,330,930	7,234,490
Unvested restricted stock units	8,417,357	6,890,938	1,293,107
Shares related to the 2026 Notes	7,475,897	7,475,897	—
Shares committed under the 2021 ESPP	193,977	108,331	—
Total potentially dilutive securities	20,575,973	19,806,096	8,527,597

Goodwill and other intangible assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and other intangible assets

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill was as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Goodwill, beginning of period	$	845,734	$	541,480	$	539,818
Goodwill acquired	38,133		311,203		1,662
Measurement period adjustments (1)	—		(477)		—
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(26,942)		(6,472)		—
Goodwill, end of period	$	856,925	$	845,734	$	541,480

(1) Represents the measurement period adjustments related to the Wandera acquisition. See Note 5 for more information.

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets other than goodwill were as follows:


	December 31, 2022
	Useful Life	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Weighted‑ Average Remaining Useful Life
	(in thousands)
Trademarks	3 - 8 years	$	34,649	$	22,200	$	12,449	2.8 years
Customer relationships	2 ‑ 12 years	249,659		96,973		152,686		7.2 years
Developed technology	5 - 6.5 years	116,881		66,373		50,508		4.7 years
Non‑competes	2 - 3 years	2,864		1,066		1,798		2.3 years
Order backlog	2.5 years	3,518		2,215		1,303		1.0 year
Total intangible assets		$	407,571	$	188,827	$	218,744


	December 31, 2021
	Useful Life	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Weighted‑ Average Remaining Useful Life
	(in thousands)
Trademarks	3 - 8 years	$	34,690	$	17,788	$	16,902	3.8 years
Customer relationships	2 ‑ 12 years	249,495		75,600		173,895		8.3 years
Developed technology	5 - 6.5 years	116,193		47,142		69,051		5.1 years
Non‑competes	2 - 2.5 years	1,797		439		1,358		2.0 years
Order backlog	2.5 years	3,745		758		2,987		2.0 years
Total intangible assets subject to amortization		405,920		141,727		264,193
IPR&D	Indefinite	400		—		400
Total intangible assets		$	406,320	$	141,727	$	264,593

The gross value in the tables above includes a cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment of $(11.0) million and $(2.1) million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The accumulated amortization in the table above includes a cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment of $(1.0) million as of December 31, 2022. The cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment for accumulated amortization was not material as of December 31, 2021.

Amortization expense was $48.2 million, $41.3 million, and $33.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Future estimated amortization expense as of December 31, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):


Years ending December 31:
2023	$	40,059
2024	36,878
2025	35,701
2026	31,000
2027	29,624
Thereafter	45,482
Total amortization expense	$	218,744

The amounts in the table above are estimates. The actual amount of amortization expense may differ from the estimated amount due to additional intangible assets acquired, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, impairment of intangible assets, accelerated amortization of intangible assets, and other events.

There were no impairments to goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. There were no material impairments to intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Acquisitions - Related costs (Details) - Wandera Inc. $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Acquisition-related costs	$ 6,252
Cost of revenue
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Acquisition-related costs	88
Sales and marketing
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Acquisition-related costs	180
Research and development
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Acquisition-related costs	1,088
General and administrative
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Acquisition-related costs	$ 4,896

Share-based compensation - Service based options activity (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Unrecognized compensation expense
Award expiration period	10 years
Employee Stock Option, Service-Based
Options (in shares)
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	1,643,266
Shares granted (in shares)	0	0	0
Exercised (in shares)	(427,444)
Forfeitures (in shares)	0
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	1,215,822	1,643,266
Options, exercisable (in shares)	1,162,656
Vested or expected to vest (in shares)	1,215,822
Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 5.68
Granted (in dollars per share)	0
Exercised (in dollars per share)	5.62
Forfeitures (in dollars per share)	0
Outstanding, ending balance (in dollars per share)	5.70	$ 5.68
Options, exercisable (in dollars per share)	5.58
Vested or expected to vest (in dollars per share)	$ 5.70
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Remaining term, options outstanding	5 years 1 month 6 days	6 years 1 month 6 days
Remaining term, options exercisable	5 years
Remaining term, options vested or expected to vest	5 years 1 month 6 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Options outstanding, beginning	$ 53,129,000
Options outstanding, ending	18,968,000	$ 53,129,000
Options exercisable	18,272,000
Options vested or expected to vest	$ 18,968,000
Unrecognized compensation expense
Vesting period	4 years
Award expiration period	10 years
Options exercised (in shares)	$ 11,200,000	54,700,000	$ 13,900,000
Total fair value, options vested in period	700,000	$ 2,600,000	$ 2,600,000
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 300,000
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation expense would be recognized	10 months 24 days
Employee Stock Option, Service-Based \| Tranche One
Unrecognized compensation expense
Vesting period	1 year
Percentage that vest	25.00%
Employee Stock Option, Service-Based \| Tranche Two
Unrecognized compensation expense
Vesting period	1 year
Percentage that vest	25.00%
Employee Stock Option, Service-Based \| Tranche Three
Unrecognized compensation expense
Vesting period	1 year
Percentage that vest	25.00%
Employee Stock Option, Service-Based \| Tranche Four
Unrecognized compensation expense
Vesting period	1 year
Percentage that vest	25.00%
Employee Stock Option, Target-Based
Options (in shares)
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	3,687,664
Shares granted (in shares)	0	0	0
Exercised (in shares)	(414,744)	0	0
Forfeitures (in shares)	0
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	3,272,920	3,687,664
Options, exercisable (in shares)	3,272,920
Vested or expected to vest (in shares)	3,272,920
Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 6.75
Granted (in dollars per share)	0
Exercised (in dollars per share)	6.75
Forfeitures (in dollars per share)	0
Outstanding, ending balance (in dollars per share)	6.75	$ 6.75
Options, exercisable (in dollars per share)	6.75
Vested or expected to vest (in dollars per share)	$ 6.75
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Remaining term, options outstanding	5 years 9 months 18 days	6 years 9 months 18 days
Remaining term, options exercisable	5 years 9 months 18 days
Remaining term, options vested or expected to vest	5 years 9 months 18 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Options outstanding, beginning	$ 115,278,000
Options outstanding, ending	47,623,000	$ 115,278,000
Options exercisable	47,623,000
Options vested or expected to vest	47,623,000
Unrecognized compensation expense
Options exercised (in shares)	7,900,000
Total fair value, options vested in period	33,000,000
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 0

Income Taxes - Carryforwards, unrecognized benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Increase in valuation allowance			$ 32,000	$ 28,500	$ 900
Operating loss carryforwards foreign	$ 2,800		2,800
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning balance			1,003	670	540
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year			230	161	130
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years			39	172	0
Unrecognized tax benefits, ending balance	1,272	$ 1,003	1,272	$ 1,003	670
Unrecognized tax benefits, uncertainty in income taxes	1,400		1,400
Accrued liability, CARES Act					$ 3,800
Payments for deferred payroll tax, CARES Act	1,900	$ 1,900
Domestic Tax Authority
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	141,900		141,900
Operating loss carryforwards subject to expiration	87,700		87,700
Operating loss carryforwards not subject to expiration	54,200		54,200
Domestic Tax Authority \| Research Tax Credit Carryforward
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward, amount	8,000		8,000
Foreign Tax Authority
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	59,700		59,700
Tax credit carryforward, amount	1,900		1,900
State and Local Jurisdiction
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	93,300		93,300
State and Local Jurisdiction \| Research Tax Credit Carryforward
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward, amount	$ 3,500		$ 3,500

Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, renewal term (up to)	10 years
Lessee, finance lease, term of contract	4 years
Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term	5 years 2 months 12 days	5 years 10 months 24 days
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent	3.90%	3.50%
Operating lease cost	$ 6,882	$ 5,935	$ 5,000
Operating lease, payments	6,400	5,900
Affiliated Entity
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease cost	$ 1,100	$ 1,100	$ 1,100
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, term of contract	1 year
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, term of contract	9 years

Share-based compensation - Assumptions (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Employee Stock Option, Target-Based
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected life of options			1 year 6 months
Expected volatility			55.00%
Risk-free interest rates			0.16%
Expected dividend yield			0.00%
Weighted-average grant-date fair value (in dollars per share)			$ 8.95
Shares committed under the 2021 ESPP
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected life of options	6 months	6 months
Expected volatility minimum	60.05%
Expected volatility maximum	64.90%
Expected volatility		40.31%
Risk-free interest rates minimum	1.49%
Risk-free interest rates maximum	4.58%
Risk-free interest rates		0.06%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Weighted-average grant-date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 8.28	$ 11.97

Acquisitions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of acquisitions

The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):


Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	820
Trade accounts receivable, net	448
Prepaid expenses	39
Other current assets	2,260
Intangible assets acquired	9,500
Operating lease assets	104
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable	(73)
Accrued liabilities	(2,260)
Income taxes payable	(48)
Deferred revenue	(1,014)
Operating lease liabilities	(85)
Deferred tax liability	(529)
Goodwill	35,119
Total purchase consideration	$	44,281

The following table summarizes the final allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and reflects all measurement period adjustments (in thousands):


Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,605
Trade accounts receivable, net	3,882
Prepaid expenses	900
Other current assets	426
Equipment and leasehold improvements, net	58
Intangible assets acquired	102,050
Operating lease assets	1,474
Deferred tax asset	918
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable	(788)
Accrued liabilities	(3,464)
Income taxes payable	(94)
Deferred revenue	(5,200)
Operating lease liabilities	(1,474)
Deferred tax liability	(9,374)
Goodwill	310,356
Total purchase consideration	$	409,275

Schedule of finite-lived intangible assets acquired as part of business combination

The estimated useful lives and fair values of the identifiable intangible assets acquired were as follows:


	Useful Life	Gross Value
		(in thousands)
Developed technology	5.0 years	$	5,900
Customer relationships	5.0 years	2,300
Non-competes	3.0 years	1,300
Total identifiable intangible assets		$	9,500

The estimated useful lives and fair values of the identifiable intangible assets acquired were as follows:


	Useful Life	Gross Value
		(in thousands)
Developed technology	6.5 years	$	60,500
Customer relationships	11.0 years	35,600
Order backlog	2.5 years	3,800
Non-competes	2.5 years	1,750
Trademarks	3.0 years	400
Total identifiable intangible assets		$	102,050

Schedule of business acquisitions

Acquisition-related costs were expensed as incurred and were as follows:


	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue:
Subscription	$	88
Sales and marketing	180
Research and development	1,088
General and administrative	4,896
	$	6,252

Schedule of pro forma revenue and earnings

Pro forma consolidated revenues and net loss for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, calculated as if Wandera had been acquired as of January 1, 2020, were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Revenues	$	377,996	$	288,666
Net loss	(83,383)		(44,671)

Summary of significant accounting policies - Trade receivables, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 391	$ 530	$ 200
Provision	328	143	824
Write-offs	(321)	(373)	(494)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off	47	91	0
Balance, end of period	$ 445	$ 391	$ 530

Financial instruments fair value - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 17, 2021
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Fair value, liability, recurring basis, unobservable input reconciliation, gain (loss), statement of income or comprehensive income	General and administrative	General and administrative	General and administrative
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 \| Convertible Debt
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt, aggregate principal amount	$ 373,800,000	$ 373,800,000		$ 373,800,000
Debt issuances costs capitalized	$ 9,200,000	$ 11,700,000

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (141,301)	$ (75,189)	$ (24,082)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	54,830	47,069	38,511
Amortization of deferred contract costs	16,563	12,534	7,953
Amortization of debt issuance costs	2,722	1,251	773
Non-cash lease expense	5,869	4,994	0
Provision for credit losses and returns	328	37	1,024
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	449	5,213
Share‑based compensation	109,170	35,805	6,743
Deferred tax benefit	(2,955)	(5,644)	(10,318)
Adjustment to contingent consideration	694	6,037	(1,000)
Other	3,333	1,419	(490)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	(9,487)	(6,521)	(23,112)
Income tax receivable/payable	266	(611)	(766)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	1,773	(9,265)	(3,620)
Deferred contract costs	(31,134)	(24,795)	(20,398)
Accounts payable	5,891	2,069	4,026
Accrued liabilities	10,017	4,345	5,501
Deferred revenue	63,426	71,216	64,945
Other liabilities	0	(35)	1,898
Net cash provided by operating activities	90,005	65,165	52,801
Investing activities
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(23,816)	(352,711)	(2,512)
Payment of deferred consideration	0	(25,000)	0
Purchases of equipment and leasehold improvements	(7,727)	(9,755)	(4,368)
Purchase of investments	(3,100)	0	0
Other	(139)	48	4
Net cash used in investing activities	(34,782)	(387,418)	(6,876)
Financing activities
Proceeds from convertible senior notes	0	373,750	0
Proceeds from bank borrowings	0	250,000	0
Payment of bank borrowings	0	(250,000)	(205,000)
Payment for purchase of capped calls	0	(36,030)	0
Debt issuance costs	(50)	(13,134)	(1,264)
Payment of debt extinguishment costs	0	0	(2,050)
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions	0	0	326,316
Cash paid for offering costs	(104)	(543)	(7,256)
Proceeds from private placement	0	0	2,233
Cash paid for contingent consideration	(4,588)	(4,206)	0
Payment of deferred consideration	0	(25,000)	0
Payment of acquisition-related holdback	(200)	0	0
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	5,203	10,691	2,985
Net cash provided by financing activities	261	305,528	115,964
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(713)	(993)	604
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	54,771	(17,718)	162,493
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period	177,150	194,868	32,375
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period	231,921	177,150	194,868
Cash paid for:
Interest	763	967	12,649
Income taxes, net of refunds	1,747	1,334	1,394
Non-cash activities:
Employee stock purchase plan	6,840	0	0
Debt issuance costs accrued but not paid	0	50	0
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	8,159	1,470	0
Purchases of equipment and leasehold improvements accrued but not paid	419	0	0
Issuance of common stock for the acquisition of business	15,083	0	0
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash within the consolidated balance sheets to the amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows above:
Cash and cash equivalents	224,338	177,150	194,868
Restricted cash included in other current assets	383	0	0
Restricted cash included in other assets	7,200	0	0
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$ 231,921	$ 177,150	$ 194,868

Net loss per share - Antidilutive securities (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	20,575,973	19,806,096	8,527,597
Stock options outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	4,488,742	5,330,930	7,234,490
Unvested restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	8,417,357	6,890,938	1,293,107
Shares related to the 2026 Notes
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	7,475,897	7,475,897	0
Shares committed under the 2021 ESPP
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	193,977	108,331	0

Related party transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Affiliated Entity \| JAMF Nation Global Foundation
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amount of pledges to JAMF Nation Global Foundation	$ 1.1	$ 1.2	$ 0.5
Accrued expenses to JAMF Nation Global Foundation	$ 1.3	$ 1.5
Majority Shareholder \| Vista Affiliates \| Term Loan
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Interest paid on term loan			$ 2.1

- Definition

Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of obligations due all related parties.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(k)(1))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(C))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 210
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.17)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126734703&loc=d3e572229-122910

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(B))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 210
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.15(3),(4))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6457730&loc=d3e39549-107864

+ Details

Goodwill and other intangible assets - Future amortization expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 40,059
2024	36,878
2025	35,701
2026	31,000
2027	29,624
Thereafter	45,482
Net Carrying Value	$ 218,744	$ 264,193

Condensed financial information (Parent Company only) - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Maximum distribution	$ 20
Maximum distribution, as percentage of EBITDA	20.00%
JAMF Holdings, Inc.
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Minimum leverage ratio	6.0

Equipment and leasehold improvements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of equipment and leasehold improvements

Equipment and leasehold improvements were as follows:


	December 31,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Computers	$	18,191	$	14,629
Software	2,168		1,182
Furniture/fixtures	5,162		4,394
Leasehold improvements	13,769		11,123
Capital in progress	1,558		3,003
Equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	40,848		34,331
Less: accumulated depreciation	(21,427)		(16,286)
Equipment and leasehold improvements, net	$	19,421	$	18,045

Debt - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions					3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 17, 2021 USD ($) day $ / shares	Sep. 14, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jul. 01, 2021 USD ($)	Jul. 27, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jan. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Nov. 13, 2017 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payment for purchase of capped calls	$ 36,000,000					$ 0	$ 36,030,000	$ 0
Debt issuance costs						50,000	13,134,000	1,264,000
Payment of debt extinguishment costs						0	0	2,050,000
Commitment fee, amount						300,000	300,000	$ 100,000
Fed Funds Effective Rate Overnight Index Swap Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest margin, as a percent				0.50%
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest margin, as a percent				1.00%
Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fee, as a percent				0.20%
Minimum \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable rate, as a percent				1.25%
Minimum \| Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable rate, as a percent				0.25%
Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fee, as a percent				0.35%
Maximum \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable rate, as a percent				2.00%
Maximum \| Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Applicable rate, as a percent				1.00%
Call Option
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Strike price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 49.99
Initial cap price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 71.42
Shares covered (in shares) \| shares		7.5
Payment for capped calls		$ 36,000,000
364-Day Facility \| Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds to repay debt	250,000,000
Debt term			364 days
Principal amount			$ 250,000,000
Payment of debt extinguishment costs			$ 400,000
Debt issuance costs									$ 700,000
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity												$ 15,000,000
Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity											$ 205,000,000	$ 175,000,000
Convertible Debt \| Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt, aggregate principal amount	$ 373,800,000					$ 373,800,000	$ 373,800,000
Interest rate (percentage)	0.125%					0.125%	0.125%
Proceeds from offering	$ 361,400,000
Number of trading days \| day	20
Number of consecutive trading days \| day	30
Threshold percentage of stock price	130.00%
Conversion ratio	0.0200024
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 49.99
Premium percentage of stock price	40.00%
Redemption price percentage	100.00%
Redemption threshold amount	$ 50,000,000
Fundamental change, threshold percentage	100.00%
Debt issuance costs					$ 12,400,000
Effective interest rate (percentage)						0.81%	0.81%
Debt						$ 364,505,000	$ 362,031,000
Convertible Debt \| Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 \| Circumstance One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of trading days \| day	20
Number of consecutive trading days \| day	30
Threshold percentage of stock price	130.00%
Convertible Debt \| Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 \| Circumstance Two
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of trading days \| day	5
Number of consecutive trading days \| day	10
Threshold percentage of stock price	98.00%
Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt issuance costs in other assets						700,000	900,000
Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity				$ 150,000,000
Debt issuance costs										$ 1,300,000
Line of Credit \| Letter of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity				25,000,000
Debt						$ 1,000,000	$ 1,000,000
Line of Credit \| Foreign Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity				50,000,000
Line of Credit \| Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity per incremental loan				$ 5,000,000

Summary of significant accounting policies - Deferred contract costs, Advertising, Interest (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Benefit period	5 years
Total amortization of contract costs	$ 16,600,000	$ 12,500,000	$ 8,000,000
Impairment losses	0	0	0
Trade accounts receivable, net	88,163,000	79,143,000
Advertising costs	22,700,000	17,000,000	13,400,000
Interest expense from debt financing	3,500,000	2,500,000	10,800,000
Interest income from cash investments	3,000,000		100,000
Accounts Receivable \| Credit Concentration Risk \| Two Distributors
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Trade accounts receivable, net	$ 29,300,000		$ 19,800,000
Concentration risk percentage	10.00%		10.00%
Accounts Receivable \| Credit Concentration Risk \| One Distributor
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Trade accounts receivable, net		$ 17,400,000
Concentration risk percentage		10.00%
Accounts Receivable \| Customer Concentration Risk \| Two Distributors
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	33.00%	22.00%

Commitments and contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of minimum payments under contractual agreements

The below table reflects the minimum payments under these agreements as of December 31, 2022:


	Unrelated
	(in thousands)
Years ending December 31:
2023	$	37,738
2024	35,039
2025	16,911
2026	—
2027	—
Thereafter	—
	$	89,688

Goodwill and other intangible assets - Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning of period	$ 845,734	$ 541,480	$ 539,818
Goodwill acquired	38,133	311,203	1,662
Measurement period adjustments	0	(477)	0
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(26,942)	(6,472)	0
Goodwill, end of period	$ 856,925	$ 845,734	$ 541,480

- Definition

Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.

+ References + Details

Net loss per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net loss per share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(141,301)	$	(75,189)	$	(24,082)
Denominator:
Weighted‑average shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted	120,720,972		118,276,462		108,908,597
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(1.17)	$	(0.64)	$	(0.22)

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Because we have reported a net loss for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the number of shares used to calculate diluted net loss per common share is the same as the number of shares used to calculate basic net loss per common share given that the potentially dilutive shares would have been antidilutive if included in this calculation.


	As of December 31,
	2022	2021	2020
Stock options outstanding	4,488,742	5,330,930	7,234,490
Unvested restricted stock units	8,417,357	6,890,938	1,293,107
Shares related to the 2026 Notes	7,475,897	7,475,897	—
Shares committed under the 2021 ESPP	193,977	108,331	—
Total potentially dilutive securities	20,575,973	19,806,096	8,527,597

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2022
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	Ernst & Young LLP
Auditor Location	Minneapolis, Minnesota
Auditor Firm ID	42

Acquisitions - Mondada (Details) - USD ($)	Oct. 15, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Acquisitions
Goodwill		$ 856,925,000	$ 845,734,000	$ 541,480,000	$ 539,818,000
Mondada
Acquisitions
Aggregate purchase price	$ 2,700,000
Goodwill	1,700,000
Goodwill deductible for income tax purposes		$ 0
Mondada \| Developed technology
Acquisitions
Estimated fair value of the acquired finite lived intangibles	$ 1,000,000
Weighted-average economic life of intangible assets acquired	5 years
Mondada \| Customer relationships
Acquisitions
Estimated fair value of the acquired finite lived intangibles	$ 100,000
Weighted-average economic life of intangible assets acquired	6 years

- Definition

+ References + Details

Leases - Maturities of operating lease liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 7,496
2024	6,405
2025	4,786
2026	4,792
2027	2,727
Thereafter	5,342
Total lease payments	31,548
Less: imputed interest	3,114
Total present value of lease liabilities	$ 28,434	$ 25,337

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Supplemental balance sheet information

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s operating leases is as follows:


Leases	Balance Sheet Classification	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
		(in thousands)
Assets
Operating lease assets	Other assets	$	23,828	$	21,600

Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities - current	Accrued liabilities	$	6,539	$	5,251
Operating lease liabilities - non-current	Other liabilities	21,895		20,086
Total operating lease liabilities		$	28,434	$	25,337

Components of lease expense

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	6,882	$	5,935
Short-term lease cost	281		272
Variable lease cost	2,442		1,943
Total lease expense	$	9,605	$	8,150

Schedule of operating lease liability

Maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:


	Operating Leases
	(in thousands)
Years ending December 31:
2023	$	7,496
2024	6,405
2025	4,786
2026	4,792
2027	2,727
Thereafter	5,342
Total lease payments	31,548
Less: imputed interest	3,114
Total present value of lease liabilities	$	28,434

Acquisitions - Pro forma information (Details) - Wandera Inc. - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Acquisitions
Revenues	$ 377,996	$ 288,666
Net loss	$ (83,383)	$ (44,671)

Summary of significant accounting policies - Remaining performance obligations (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, revenue	$ 427.3
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, revenue recognition (percentage)	71.00%
Remaining performance obligation, revenue recognition period	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, revenue recognition period	3 years

Employee benefit plans	12 Months Ended
Employee benefit plans	Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee benefit plans	Employee benefit plansEmployees located in the U.S. are generally eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan. The 401(k) Plan allows eligible employees to defer a percentage of their annual compensation as defined in the 401(k) Plan on a pre-tax or after-tax basis up to the maximum amount allowed by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company contributes an amount equal to 3 percent of each participant’s eligible compensation each pay period regardless of whether the participant makes elective deferrals. The Company made contributions to the 401(k) Plan of $5.4 million, $4.1 million, and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.Employees outside of the U.S. who are not covered by the 401(k) Plan may be covered by local defined contribution plans, which are subject to applicable laws and rules of the country where the plans are administered. The Company made contributions to defined contributions plans outside of the U.S. of $2.5 million, $1.5 million, and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 17
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123450688&loc=d3e4179-114921

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=21916913&loc=d3e273930-122802

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)(i)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (o)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (p)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 70
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49170846&loc=d3e28014-114942

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2235017

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 60
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6414203&loc=d3e39689-114964

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)(iv)(03)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (q)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (r)(1)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)(iii)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (l)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (r)(2)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920

+ Details

Summary of significant accounting policies - Stock-based compensation Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 24, 2022	Jul. 24, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Contractual term				10 years
Threshold cash return on investment upon termination event to determine vesting of performance shares		$ 1,515,000		$ 1,515,000
Fair value after plan modification			$ 33,000
Share-based compensation expense				$ 109,170	$ 35,805	$ 6,743
Employee Stock Option, Target-Based
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 33,000

Share-based compensation - Stock-based compensation expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 109,170	$ 35,805	$ 6,743
Cost of revenue \| Subscription
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	8,854	3,755	732
Cost of revenue \| Services
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	1,299	594	139
Sales and marketing
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	33,559	10,938	1,748
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	24,392	10,512	1,533
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 41,066	$ 10,006	$ 2,591

Financial instruments fair value (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair value, assets and liabilities measured on recurring basis

The fair value of these financial instruments were as follows:


	December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	132,306	$	—	$	—	$	132,306
Total cash equivalents	$	132,306	$	—	$	—	$	132,306

Liabilities
Contingent consideration:
Accrued liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	6,206	$	6,206
Total contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	6,206	$	6,206


	December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	146,037	$	—	$	—	$	146,037
Total cash equivalents	$	146,037	$	—	$	—	$	146,037

Liabilities
Contingent consideration:
Accrued liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	4,588	$	4,588
Other liabilities	—		—		5,512		5,512
Total contingent consideration	$	—	$	—	$	10,100	$	10,100

Summary of changes in contingent consideration classified as Level 3

The following table provides a summary of the changes in contingent consideration, which is classified as Level 3:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	10,100	$	8,200	$	9,200
Additions	—		359		—
Total (gains) losses included in:
Net loss	694		6,037		(1,000)
Payments	(4,588)		(4,206)		—
Other	—		(290)		—
Balance, end of period	$	6,206	$	10,100	$	8,200

Schedule of carrying values and estimated fair values of debt instruments

The following table presents the net carrying value and estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes, which are not recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets:


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Net Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Net Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
2026 Notes	$	364,505	$	308,504	$	362,031	$	398,044

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets
Allowance	$ 445	$ 391
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized ( in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	123,170,172	119,426,064
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	123,170,172	119,426,064

Acquisitions - Digita (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Acquisitions - Digita (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2019
Acquisitions
Cash payment for contingent consideration	$ 4,588	$ 4,206	$ 0
Digita Security LLC
Acquisitions
Maximum contingent consideration					$ 15,000
Cash payment for contingent consideration	$ 4,600	$ 4,200
Digita Security LLC \| Subsequent Event
Acquisitions
Additional cash payment				$ 6,200

Summary of significant accounting policies - Strategic Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Purchase of investments		$ 3,100	$ 0	$ 0
Investment at cost		$ 2,000
Convertible Notes Payable \| SwiftConnect
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Purchase of investments	$ 2,000

Summary of significant accounting policies - Equipment, Intangibles (Details)		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 01, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Impairment of long-lived assets		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Number of reporting units \| item		1
Goodwill, impairment loss	$ 0	$ 0	0	0
Impairment of intangible assets, finite-lived		$ 0	0	$ 0
Impairment of intangible assets, indefinite-lived (excluding goodwill)			$ 0
Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life		2 years
Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life		12 years
Computers
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life		3 years
Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life		3 years
Furniture/fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life		5 years

Financial instruments fair value - Changes in fair value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 10,100	$ 8,200	$ 9,200
Additions	0	359	0
Net loss	694	6,037	(1,000)
Payments	(4,588)	(4,206)	0
Other	0	(290)	0
Balance, end of period	$ 6,206	$ 10,100	$ 8,200